Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fundamentals 2 > Chapter 23: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 23: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Multiple health problems can be avoided with maintenance of an __ __.

A

active state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Maintaining physical activity can be a challenge in late life due to:

A

effects of aging and common chronic health conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

there is a decline in ___ & ___ of muscle fibers, & a reduction in __ __

A

size & number

muscle mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aging also contributed to decreased ___ __ and a persons __ declines.

A

body strength

endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The connective tissue changes, resulting in reduced ___ of joints and muscles.

A

flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Age-related reduction of muscle mass or function resulting from a reduction in protein synthesis & an increase in muscle protein degeneration

A

sarcopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Retirement is associated w/ __ __.

A

decreased activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sarcopenia can lead to __.

A

disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Decline in walking speed or grip strength is seen in patients with ___.

A

sarcopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Downsizing home promotes less housework & further reduces ___.

A

activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cause of ___: disease, immobility, poor blood flow to muscles, decreased caloric intake, mitochondrial dysfunction, increase in proinflammatory cytokines, & decline in anabolic hormones

A

sarcopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

All exercise programs should address what 3 things:

A
  • cardiovascular endurance
  • flexibility
  • strength training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Health assessment includes __ and __ of exercise.

A

quality and quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

You want to __ goals and make them __.

A

individualize

achievable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Maximum heart rate equation:

A

220-age (220 minus their age)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The maximum number that someone should reach during exercise.

A

Maximum heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Target heart rate equation:

A

maximum heart rate x 75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Target heart rate range:

A

65% to 80% of maximum heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Age-related changes affect a person’s ____ to exercise

A

ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Importance of assessment prior to starting a program & monitoring status during physical activity could include a ___ ___.

A

physician clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When exercising, you want to ___ exercise throughout the day.

A

pace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When exercising, you should begin ____ & then ___ over time.

A

gradually

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Patients should also __ after activity.

A

rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cognitive & emotional states can influence __ __.

A

physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Inactivity can promote __ __ of immobility .
ill effects
26
Inactivity can result in ___.
deconditioning
27
__ __ is crucial when it comes to prevention of inactivity.
Public education
28
You enhance motivation by demonstrating ___.
interest
29
With activity, you want to avoid ____ people and assuming they can't do a certain activity due to their age.
stereotyping
30
You may have to arrange ___ to and from activities.
transportation
31
For promotion of activity, you should do an assessment of what 4 things?
capacities, limitations, interests, & abilities
32
Well-balanced diet helps maintain the structure of ___ & ___
bones | muscles
33
Obesity places strain on the ___.
joints
34
Discomfort, disability, deformity, & functional impairment result from _____ disorders.
musculoskeletal
35
What is an assessment of the musculoskeletal system & functional abilities?
How is their walking ability, do they need devices to walk, etc.
36
How can you prevent musculoskeletal conditions?
adequate nutrition, avoid obesity, remain active, hydration
37
Aggressive intervention is used to minimize the impact of ___ ___.
functional impairment
38
What are some risk factors & potential causes for fractures? (3)
dizziness, change in center of gravity, postural changes
39
What're the common sites of fractures? (3)
femur, neck, wrist (Colles’ fracture)
40
___ bones fracture more easily & heal at a slower rate.
Brittle
41
The potential for complications is associated with ___.
immobility
42
Interventions for fractures are aimed at ___.
prevention
43
___ should be suspected when an older adult falls or has trauma to their bones.
Fractures
44
T/F: The absence of typical signs of fracture guarantees no fracture present
FALSE
45
Treatment for fractures:
Immobility of the injured site
46
Progressive deterioration of joint cartilage with the formation of new bone at the joint surface.
Osteoarthritis
47
Osteoarthritis increases w/ age, mostly persons over ___ years or older, and occurs in more ___ than the other gender.
55 | women
48
What is this pathophysiology of? | Joint changes & imbalance between matric metalloproteinase enzymes & tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase
osteoarthritis
49
Causes of osteoarthritis?
excessive use of joint, low vitamin D + C, trauma, obesity,, genetic factors.
50
Signs & symptoms of osteoarthritis:
Crepitation over the joints, boney nodules (Heberden nodes),
51
Nursing interventions for osteoarthritis:
- educate weight reduction (if its needed) - nutritional benefits (maintaining a healthy diet, vitamin D and C supplements) - exercise - reduce fractures
52
A chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints. (the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels, etc).
rheumatoid arthritis
53
Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is mostly ___ years of age, and decreases after age of __, occurs more in __ & w/ __ history
20-40 65 women family
54
Deformities & disability begin at an ___ age & peak during ___ age.
early | middle
55
Pathophysiology of __ __ is hypertrophied & edematous synovium. Projections of synovial tissue into joint cavity.
rheumatoid arthritis
56
Signs & symptoms: Subcutaneous nodules &/or bursae present over bony prominences, pain, redness, warm, stiffness,
rheumatoid arthritis
57
Most prevalent metabolic disease of the bone
osteoporosis
58
Risk factors for osteoporosis:
-Inactivity or immobility Diseases: Cushing’s syndrome -Reduction in anabolic sex hormones (decreased estrogen & androgen) -Diet: calcium deficiency -Drugs: Heparin, furosemide, thyroid supplements, antacids, corticosteroids, tetracycline
59
excessive glucocorticosteroids by adrenal gland
Cushing’s syndrome
60
Osteoporosis can cause __ __, and __.
kyphosis, spinal pain, & fractures
61
Osteoporosis is often ___.
asymptomatic
62
To diagnose osteoporosis, they do a __ __ scan. aka (DEXA)
bone density
63
To treat osteoporosis, you want a diet rich in __ and __.
protein & calcium.
64
Nursing interventions for osteoporosis:
education, avoid heavy lifting, ROM exercises & ambulation
65
Metabolic disorder in which excess uric acid accumulates in the blood
Gout
66
Pathophysiology of __: uric acid crystals deposit in & around joint
Gout
67
Signs/symptoms of gout?
Pain (severe), redness, swelling, warmth
68
Exacerbations & remissions of gout:
Exacerbations can last weeks-months, with long remissions between
69
Treatment for gout includes reducing sodium ___ w/ low purine diet and avoid ___.
urate | alcohol
70
Age-related reduction in __ __ of the foot.
fat padding
71
Common podiatric conditions:
``` Calluses (plantar keratoses) Corns (heloma) Bunions (hallux valgus) Hammer toe (digiti flexus) Plantar fasciitis Infections (onychomycosis; tinea pedis) Ingrown nails (onychocryptosis) ```
72
Degenerative changes cause __ pain
joint
73
__ pain affects independence & quality of life
Unrelieved
74
Nursing interventions to decrease pain essential in promoting optimal __, ___, and __ function.
physical, mental, & social
75
For musculoskeletal conditions, you want to promote __ and prevent __.
independence | injury

Fundamentals 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions