chapter 23 vocab

Question 1

second industrial revolution

Answer 1

associated with steel, chemicals, electricity, and oil

Question 2

henry bessemer

Answer 2

an english engineer, discovered a new process, named after him, for manufacturer steel cheaply in large quantities.

Question 3

solway process

Answer 3

replaced the leblanc process, allowing the recovery of more chemical by-products. New processed permitted increased production of sulfuric acid and laundry soap.

Question 4

gottlieb daimler

Answer 4

german engineer, improving the modern internal combustion engine. He had mounted it on a carriage body specifically desgined to incorporate a still more improved internal combustion engine and the automobile was born

Question 5

Henry Ford

Answer 5

He was an American who revolutionized the car industry with mass production of the first automobile.

Question 6

White collar workers

Answer 6

the development of larger industrial plants created these jobs. These included clerks, typists, secretaries, file clerks and sales clerks. Some needed some education skills such as teaching or nursing. Working class women filled these jobs to escape the lower class jobs

Question 7

Petite Nourgeoisie

Answer 7

lower middle class, included secretaries, retail clerks, and lower level bureaucrates in buisness and government, middle class, may be associated with unions.

Question 8

The eiffel tower

Answer 8

originally used for international trade exposition, now being rebuilt as the symbol of the social and political divisions between liberals and coservatives in the third republic

Question 9

cholera

Answer 9

cholera touched all classes, caused by air miasmas, concerns with health and housing first. (great epidemic)

Question 10

the cult of domesticity

Answer 10

women’s role is to make a man’s home delightful, make her husband happy; women to NOT work, rear children, stay at home all the time

Question 11

millicent and henry fawcet

Answer 11

millicent fawcett- led moderate national union of womens suffrage societies, believed parliament would grant women the vote
Henry fawcett-liberal party cabnet minister and economist who also supported womens suffrace, tactics of english liberals.

Question 12

emmeline pankhurst

Answer 12

led a much radical branch of british feminist, active in irish nationalist politics, disruptive political tactics, confronted police on right to hold meetings, founded the Womens social and political union,

Question 13

suffragettes

Answer 13

followers of the Womens social and Political Union. lobbied publicly and privately for extending the vote to women. Turned to violent attacks, like arson, breaking windows, sabotage of postal boxes, marched to parliment.

Question 14

pogroms

Answer 14

organized riots against jewish neighborhoods and villages.

Question 15

anti-semitism

Answer 15

prejudice against jews

Question 16

karl marx

Answer 16

founder of modern communism, created Marxism, proletarian uprising, wanted an integration of capitalism.

Question 17

the fabian society

Answer 17

founded in 1884, Britain most influential socialist group, society gradualism approach to major social reform, its leaders were Beatrice Webb, etc

Question 18

opportunism

Answer 18

taking advantage of opportunities without regard for the consequences for others

Question 19

revisionism

Answer 19

a moderate evolutionary form of Marxism
heated debate among german socialist, argued that evolution toward social democracy might be possible in liberal, parliamentary britain, but not in authoritarian militaristic germany.

Question 20

kulaks

Answer 20

are nobles/rich families who would let peasants work on their land

Question 21

zemstvos

Answer 21

roots of the social revolutionary party, and populist party, new party opposed industrialism and looked to the communal life of rural russia as a model for the future, The constitutional democratic party or cadets was formed, this liberal party drew its members fro those who participated in the local councils called…..

Question 22

bolshevik

Answer 22

meaning majority, lenins faction, intended the party to consist of elite professional revolutionaries who would provide centralized leadership for the working class,

led by Vladimir Lenin it was the Russian communist party that took over the Russian goverment during WWI

Question 23

mensheviks

Answer 23

another part of lenin’s faction, believed/wanted a party with a mass membership which would function democratically.

Means “minority”. Group created from the split of the SDs, led by Martov. Tried to take power from Bolsheviks in Civil war beginning in 1918, but did not succeed.
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Question 24

duma

Answer 24

russian national legislature

nicholass 2 announced this representative body, has two chambers,