Chapter 24 Flashcards
(29 cards)
An infection occurs as a result of
a cyclic process, consisting of six components
- Bacteria
Cocci (Spherical), Bacilli (rod shaped), or Spirochetes (Corkscrew shaped).
Bacteria’s that require oxygen
Aerobic
Bacteria’s that can live without oxygen
Anaerobic
gram positive
Thick cell wall and resist decolorization (loss of color) and are stained violet
gram negative
have chemically more complex cell walls and can be decolorized by alcohol (Don’t stain).
Virus
Smallest of all microorganisms, visible only with an electron microscope. Causes infections (common cold, hepatitis B and C, AIDS
Reservoir
Natural Habitat of the organism (Where they grow) other people, animals, soil, food, water, milk, and inanimate objects are all possible reservoirs.
Portal of exit
The point of escape for the organism (How it gets out) In humans, common portals of exit include the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, as well as breaks in the skin. Blood and tissue can also be portals of exit for pathogens.
Incubation
organisms grow and multiply (the interval between the pathogen’s invasion of the body and the appearance of symptoms of infection)
Prodromal
Person is most infectious (you feel like your coming down with something and font feel right) MOST CONTAGIOUS STAGE Ex: low grade fever, fatigue
Full stage of illness
presence of specific signs/symptoms) Ex: Fever, chicken pox, begins to show
Convalescent
recovery from infection
The inflammatory response includes
redness (vascular, dilation of vessels), heat (Vascular, dilation of vessels), swelling (Increased blood flow and histamine), pain, or loss of function. (Normal response to infection: low grade fever, slightly red)
Dilation in the blood vessels increase
blood flow
WBC count
Normal is 5,000-10,000/mm^3
Transient bacteria
Attached loosely on skin and removed with relative ease (Easy to get off)
Resident bacteria
Found in creases in skin and required friction with brush to remove
HAI
Healthcare associated Infections (HAI) is the new term for Nosocomial infections
Four categories responsible for HAIs
- Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)
- Surgical site infection (SSI)
- Central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
Airborne Precautions
CAN be spread through air, breathing. TB, Varicella (Chicken pox), Measles (Rubeola) (Private room, negative pressure room, N95 mask, gown and gloves)
Droplet Precautions
3 feet or less
Can be spread through sneeze or spit. Rubella, mumps, influenza (mask, gown, gloves, private room)
Rubeola
more severe viral infection of measles- dry cough, fever, runny nose. -requires airborne precautions (RED RASH)
Rubella
The less severe viral infection referred to as German measles; include enlarged lymph nodes, lasts about 3 days. -requires droplet precautions (RED RASH)
