Chapter 24: Digestive System

Question 1

Primary organs of digestion

Answer 1

-oral cavity
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
-anus

Question 2

Accessory organs of digestion

Answer 2

-teeth
-tongue
-salivary glands
-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas

Question 3

Oral cavity function

Answer 3

ingestion, mechanical processing with teeth and tongue, moistening, mixing with salivary secretions

Question 4

Pharynx function

Answer 4

muscular propulsion of materials into the esophagus

Question 5

Esophagus function

Answer 5

transport of materials to the stomach

Question 6

Stomach function

Answer 6

chemical breakdown of materials by acids and enzymes; mechanical processing through muscular contractions

Question 7

Small Intestine function

Answer 7

enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions

Question 8

Large Intestine function

Answer 8

dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination

Question 9

Teeth function

Answer 9

mechanical processing by chewing (mastication)

Question 10

Tongue function

Answer 10

assists mechanical processing with teeth, sensory analysis

Question 11

Salivary Glands function

Answer 11

secretion of lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates

Question 12

Liver function

Answer 12

secretion of bile (important for lipid digestion), storage of nutrients, many other vital functions

Question 13

Gallbladder function

Answer 13

storage and concentration of bile

Question 14

Pancreas function

Answer 14

exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes; endocrine cells secrete hormones

Question 15

The digestive tract is lined with a….

Answer 15

serous membrane

Question 16

Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 16

covers organs

Question 17

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 17

lines body walls

Question 18

Mucosa

Answer 18

mucous membrane (epithelial layer and lamina propria)

Question 19

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 19

oral muscosa
-protects against mechanical stresses
-oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus

Question 20

Simple columnar epithelium with mucous cells

Answer 20

participates in absorption
-stomach, small intestine, and most of large intestine

Question 21

Muscularis mucosae

Answer 21

deep to the mucosa; a narrow band of smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Question 22

Submucosa

Answer 22

layer of dense irregular connective tissue
-exocrine glands that secrete fluid and enzymes into digestive tract

Question 23

Submucosa Plexus

Answer 23

innervates mucosa and submucosa

Question 24

Muscularis Externa

Answer 24

involved in mechanical processing and movement of materials along the tract

Question 25

Serosa

Answer 25

serous membrane covering muscularis externa

Question 26

Digestive enzymes are secreted by...

Answer 26

salivary glands, tongue, stomach, and pancreas

Question 27

Carbohydrases

Answer 27

produce sugars

Question 28

Proteases

Answer 28

produce amino acids

Question 29

Lipases

Answer 29

produce fatty acids

Question 30

Brush border enzymes

Answer 30

produce nucleotides