Chapter 24- Digestive System

Question 1

4 layers of GI tract (innermost to outermost)

Answer 1

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 2

mucosa tissue type

Answer 2

epithelium with thin underlying layer of areolar connective tissue

Question 3

mucosa tissue type in esophagus

Answer 3

stratified squamos

Question 4

mucosa tissue type in stomach & intestines

Answer 4

simple columnar

Question 5

submucosa tissue type

Answer 5

areolar connective tissue, contains blood and nerve supply

Question 6

muscularis layer

Answer 6

2 muscles, except a 3 in the stomach for increased volume during digestion

Question 7

serosa tissue type

Answer 7

connective tissue covered by simple squamos epithelium

Question 8

peritoneum tissue type

Answer 8

layer of simple squamos epithelium & underlying areolar connective tissue

Question 9

parietal peritoneum

Answer 9

lines abdominal wall

Question 10

visceral peritoneum

Answer 10

covers internal organs

Question 11

peritoneal cavity

Answer 11

in between parietal & visceral peritoneums

Question 12

greater omentum

Answer 12

peritoneal folds covering colon & coils of the small intestine

Question 13

lesser omentum

Answer 13

suspends the stomach and duodenum

Question 14

falciform ligament

Answer 14

attaches liver to abdominal wall

Question 15

mesentery

Answer 15

suspends small intestine

Question 16

mesocolon

Answer 16

suspends large intestine

Question 17

daily saliva secretion

Answer 17

1000-1500 mL

Question 18

salivary amylase

Answer 18

begins the breakdown of starch into a disaccharide (maltose)

Question 19

lingual lipase

Answer 19

breaks down triglycerides into simpler fatty acids

Question 20

lysozyme

Answer 20

kills bacteria

Question 21

peristalsis

Answer 21

wave-like muscular movement of muscular hollow organs

Question 22

sphincters

Answer 22

circular muscles that can open or close passageways in the body

Question 23

chyme

Answer 23

a combination of saliva, food, and gastric juice

Question 24

daily secretion of gastric juice

Answer 24

2-3L

Question 25

mucous neck cells secrete…

Answer 25

mucus

Question 26

parietal cells secrete…

Answer 26

intrinsic factor and HCl

Question 27

chief cells secrete…

Answer 27

pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Question 28

G cells secrete…

Answer 28

gastrin hormone

Question 29

function of small intestine

Answer 29

digestion & absorption

Question 30

function of large intestine

Answer 30

absorption of water & vitamins

Question 31

pancreas function

Answer 31

manufactures most digestive enzymes

Question 32

pancreatic juice

Answer 32

slightly alkaline fluid, containing water, sodium bicarbonate, and digestive enzymes

Question 33

trypsin

Answer 33

breaks down proteins into peptides

Question 34

peptidase

Answer 34

breaks down peptides into amino acids

Question 35

hepatocyte

Answer 35

major functional cell of the liver, secretes bile

Question 36

flow of bile beginning at bile canaliculi

Answer 36

bile canaliculi (small ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile) –> bile ductules –> bile ducts –> hepatic ducts –> small intestine for digestion

Question 37

function of hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells

Answer 37

destroy old and deformed RBCs

Question 38

functions of liver

Answer 38

detoxification, bile formation, metabolism of nutrients, urea formation, breakdown of RBCs, vitamin and mineral storage, plasma protein synthesis

Question 39

gallbladder function

Answer 39

storing and concentrating bile fluid which is essential for fat digestion