Chapter 25- Metabolism & Nutrition Flashcards
metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
anabolism
synthesizing large building molecules from unit molecules
catabolism
breaking down larger molecules into unit molecules
enzyme
biological catalyst, mostly protein in nature
glycogenesis
building up, glucose –> glycogen, insulin stimulates the process in the liver and skeletal muscles
glycogenolysis
breaking down, glycogen –> glucose, glucogan stimulates the process in the liver to release glucose and in skeletal muscles to release lactic acids
gluconeogenesis
building up of new glucose, the process by which glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate sources, cortisol and glucogan stimulate the process, glycerol from fat, some amino acids, and lactic acids can be used
lipogenesis
liver cells and adipocytes synthesize lipids from glucose and certain amino acids, insulin will stimulate this process when caloric intake exceeds expenditure (weight gaining), building up fat molecules
lipolysis
breaking down fat molecules, triglycerides are split into glycerol and fatty acids, catalyzed by lipases in adipose tissue areas
glycolysis
glucose is converted into pyruvic acids in the cytoplasm through an anaerobic process, 1st stage of glucose catabolism, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
TCA cycle (kreb’s cycle)
2nd stage of glucose catabolism, pyruvic acid is converted into 2 ATP, 2 FADH, 8 NADH
electron transportation & oxidative phosphorylation
3rd stage of glucose catabolism, 38 total atp
chylomicrons (ULDL)
in epithelial cells of small intestine and lacteal, carries dietary lipids to adipose tissue
VLDL
from liver to adipose tissue
LDL
deliver cholesterol to body cells for fat metabolism
