Chapter 24: DNA Biology

Question 0

Biotechnology

Answer 0

Term that encompasses genetic engineering and other techniques that make use of natural biological systems to create a product or achieve a particular result desires by humans

Question 1

Anticodon

Answer 1

Three-base sequence in a transfer RNA molecule that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA

Question 2

Cloning

Answer 2

Production of identical copies; can be either a full person or just a gene

Question 3

Codon

Answer 3

Three-base sequence in messenger RNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein or termination of translation

Question 4

Complementary base pairing

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonding between particular bases,
DNA-thymine pairs with adenine and guanine pairs with cytosine
RNA- uracil pairs with and and g pairs with c

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Nucleic acid found in cells; the genetic material that specifies protein synthesis in cells

Question 6

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 6

The use of DNA fragment lengths resulting from restriction enzyme cleavage to identify particular individuals

Question 7

DNA ligase

Answer 7

Enzyme that links DNA fragments; used during the production of recombinant DNA to join foreign DNA to vector DNA

Question 8

DNA probe

Answer 8

Piece of single stranded DNA that will bind to a complimentary piece of DNA

Question 9

DNA replication

Answer 9

Synthesis of a new DNA double helix prior to mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells and during prokaryotic fission in prokaryotic cells

Question 10

Double helix

Answer 10

Double helix, used to describe DNA

Question 11

Gene

Answer 11

Unit of heredity existing as alleles on the chromosomes; in diploid organisms.

Question 12

Gene cloning

Answer 12

production of one or more copies of the same gene

Question 13

Gene mutation

Answer 13

Alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition

Question 14

Genetic engineering

Answer 14

Alteration of genomes for medical or industrial purposes

Question 15

Mutagen

Answer 15

Alteration in chromosome structure or number and also an alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition

Question 16

Plasmid

Answer 16

Self duplicating ring of accessory DNA in the cytoplasm of bacteria

Question 17

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer 17

Technique that uses the enzyme DNA polymerase to produce copies of a particular piece of DNA within a test tube

Question 18

Polyribosome

Answer 18

String of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis

Question 19

Promoter

Answer 19

In an operon, a sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription

Question 20

Purine

Answer 20

Type of nitrogen-containing base, such as adenine and guanine, having a double ring structure

Question 21

Pyrimidine

Answer 21

Single ring structure, thymine and cytosine and uracil

Question 22

Restriction enzyme

Answer 22

Bacterial enzyme that stops viral reproduction by cleaving viral DNA; used to cut DNA at specific points during production of recombinant DNA

Question 23

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 23

Builds

Question 24

Ribosome

Answer 24

RNA and protein in two subunits; site of a protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Question 25

RNA

Answer 25

Ribonucleic acids Nuclei acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 26

RNA polymerase

Answer 26

During transcription, an enzyme that joins nucleotides complementary to a portion of DNA

Question 27

Transgenic organism

Answer 27

Free living organism in the environment that has a foreign gene in its cell

Question 28

Transposon

Answer 28

DNA sequence capable of randomly moving from one site to another in the genome

Question 29

Triplet code

Answer 29

During gene expression, each sequence of three nucleotide bases stands for a particular amino acid. UAG GTA

Question 30

Vector

Answer 30

In genetic engineering, a means to transfer foreign genetic material into a cell. Ex plasmid