Chapter 6: Metabolism

Question 0

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate

Answer 0

Nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP.

Question 1

Active site

Answer 1

Region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds and where the reaction occurs.

Question 2

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 2

Nucleotide with three phosphate groups. The breakdown of of ADP + P makes energy available for energy requiring processes in cells.

Question 3

Chemical energy

Answer 3

The energy that results from chemical reaction.

Question 4

Coenzyme

Answer 4

Nonprotein organic molecule that aids the action of the enzyme to which it is loosely bound.

Question 5

Cofactor

Answer 5

Nonprotein adjunct required by an enzyme in order to function; many cofactors are metal ions, while others are coenzymes

Question 6

Coupled reaction

Answer 6

Reactions that occur simultaneously; one is an exergonic reaction that releases energy and the other one is an endergonic reaction that requires an input of energy in order to occur

Question 7

Energy

Answer 7

Capacity to do work and bring about change, occurs in a variety of forms (deltaG)

Question 8

Energy of activation

Answer 8

Energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another.

Question 9

Entropy

Answer 9

Measures of disorder or randomness

Question 10

Endergonic reaction

Answer 10

Chemical reaction that requires an input of energy, opposite of exergonic reaction.

Question 11

Enzyme

Answer 11

Organic catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds up a reaction in cells due to its particular shape.

Question 12

Enzyme inhibition

Answer 12

Means by which cells regulate enzyme activity; there is competitive and non competitive inhibition.

Question 13

Exergonic reaction

Answer 13

Chemical reaction that releases energy; opposite of endergonic reaction

Question 14

Free energy

Answer 14

Useful energy in a system that is capable of performing work

Question 15

Induced fit model

Answer 15

Change in the shape of an enzymes active site that enhances the fit between the enzymes active site and its substrate.

Question 16

Kinetic energy

Answer 16

Energy associated with movement

Question 17

Metabolic pathway

Answer 17

Series of chemical reactions, beginning with a particular reactant and terminating with an end product

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

All of the chemical changes that occur within a cell

Question 19

Oxidation

Answer 19

Loss of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule; in biological systems, generally the loss of hydrogen atoms

Question 20

Potential energy

Answer 20

Stores energy as a result of location or spatial arrangement.

Question 21

Product

Answer 21

Substance that forms as a result of a reaction

Question 22

Redox reaction

Answer 22

Oxidation-reduction reaction; one molecule loses electrons(oxidation) while another molecule simultaneously gains electrons(reduction)

Question 23

Reduction

Answer 23

Chemical reaction that results in addition of one or more electrons to an atom, ion, or compound. Reduction of one substance occurs simultaneously with oxidation of another

Question 24

Substrate

Answer 24

Reactants in a reaction controlled by an enzyme

Question 25

Vitamin

Answer 25

Essential organic requirement in the diet, needed in small amounts. They are often part of coenzymes.