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FIRE 2024-08 cards > Chapter 24 - HAZMAT > Flashcards

Chapter 24 - HAZMAT Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

The 4 step response model, APIE stands for ….

A

Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

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2
Q

True or false?
Hazmat can present a variety of dangers, sometimes in small quantities

A

True

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3
Q

At a hazmat incident, what should you try to do as soon as possible:
(very broad I know but it says in the book)

A

Identify the materials physical state
(gas, liquid or solid)

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of health effects HAZMAT can have on a person?

A

Acute, Chronic or Delayed

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5
Q

Getting sprayed in the ears by a substance would be what route of entry?
- Inhalation
-Injection
-Ingestion
-Absorption

A

Absorption

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6
Q

True or false
One chemical can have more than one route of entry

A

True!
Example: Toluene can irritate the skin and get in through absorption or release fumes and affect through inhalation

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7
Q

Which choice is not a mechanism of harm?
A. Corrosivity
B. Electrical
C. Toxicity
D. Energy release

A

B. Electrical

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8
Q

Chemical or biological substances that cause damage (illness,sickness or injury) on a molecular level are called _____

A

Toxic

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9
Q

What are the 6 types of energy release at HAZMAT incidents:

A

Heat (Cold can also complicate decon)
Mechanical energy
Pressure
Electricity
Chemical
Radiation

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10
Q

Energy that is emitted as particles or waves is know as:

A

Radiation

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11
Q

Expanding gases can be dangerous because they________

A

displace oxygen and can create an asphyxiating atmosphere

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12
Q

Chemical energy hazards can have a violent reaction when exposed to …?

A

Water

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13
Q

Having diarrhea or vomiting is chronic or acute ?

A

Acute

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14
Q

Associate initial isolated distances with involved products of state matter:

Solids, Liquids, Gases
330ft, 75ft, 150ft

A

Solids - 75ft
Liquids - 150ft
Gases - 330ft

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15
Q

True or false?
A gas may have no smell, taste or colour

A

True

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16
Q

What numbers on warning placards correspond to the breathing hazard and contact hazards

A

Contact: 8
Inhalation: 6

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17
Q

When approaching a hazardous scene, you wanna be
up___
up___
up____

A

Uphill
Upwind
Upstream

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18
Q

What is the unit of measure used for solid particle sizes?

A

Micron

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19
Q

What are some physical properties that help characterize materials:
(there’s 8)

A

Vapor pressure
Boiling point
Melting point (freezing, sublimation)
Vapor density
Solubility
Specific gravity
Persistence
Appearance and odor

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20
Q

Explain BLEVE?

A

Liquid in a container is heated to boil point and the increase in internal is so strong that the container fails CATASTROPHICALLY
Also called violent rupture

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21
Q

If a vapour has a density of 1.8, will it sink or rise?

A

Sink

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22
Q

What’s the acronym to remember all the gases with a density less than 1.0

A

4H Medic Anna

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23
Q

Partially water-soluble chemicals can cause what if ingested?

Study These Flashcards
A

Breathing difficulties, pulmonary oedema, coughing blood

24
Q

Define solubility and miscibility?

Study These Flashcards
A

Solubility: Percentage of a material that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature
Miscibility: Describes the ability of two or more gases or liquids to mix or dissolve into each other

25
Persistence is a chemicals ability to _____ in the environment
Remain
26
The measure of thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given temperature is known as:
Viscosity (hotter a liquid is, the more it will flow)
27
Where would you be able to find a description of a materials physical state, or odour and colour?
The SDS (safety data sheet)
28
True or false? Never use odours to determine if an area is safe or unsafe
TRUE
29
Describe what is a flash point
Minimum temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off sufficient vapours at its LEL (lower explosive limit) to form an ignitible mixture with air https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RoAEmsVxrw
30
What is it called when a substance is heated up enough that is spontaneously combusts?
Auto-ignition temperature
31
T of F A flammable gas having a lower flash point means they are flammable almost all the time
True
32
Know the definition of polymerization
A chemical reaction in which simple molecules combine to form long chain molecules
33
T or F Inhibitors are materials that do not polymerize easily and create and undesired reaction
FALSE They polymerize easily and control reactions
34
Which one is the dangerous type of radiation? Iodizing radiation or non-iodizing radiation
Iodizing radiation
35
What are the 4 types of ionizing (damageable) radiations?
Alpha Beta Gamma Neutron
36
Beta radiation can be stopped by ______ and does not go through ______
Clothing Aluminium
37
Is the body better equipped to deal with acute or chronic radiation?
Chronic, the body has enough time to replace damaged cells with healthy ones
38
What are the three protection factors for responders during a radiation call?
Time, distance and shielding
39
What is the sequence of a hazmat incident?
1. Stress 2. Breach 3. Release 4. Dispersion 5. Exposure 6. Harm
40
Of the hazmat incident sequence (stress, breach, release, dispersion, exposure, harm) ; which step is this: -This occurs as the hazardous material inside the container and any stored energy releases and move away from the container.
Dispersion
41
Acid or base? A chemical that ionizes (dissociates) to yield ions in the water
Acid
42
What are the three sides to the reactivity triangle?
- Oxidizing agent - Activation fuel (heat, shock, radiation, light) - Reducing agent (fuel)
43
Which biological hazard has specialized bacteria that live and multiply in the gastro-intestinal tract of arthropod carriers? (ticks and fleas)
Rickettsias *spread only through bite)
44
A BLEVE is most common with which type of breaching? a. Disintegration b. Runaway cracking c.Attachments d. Puncture e. Split or tear
b. Runaway cracking *exam*
45
A BLEVE is most common with which type of release? a.Detonation b. Spill c. Violent rupture d. Rapid relief
c. Violent rupture
46
What are the 7 clues for presence hazardous materials
-Occupancy type, location -Container shape -Placards and labels -Markings and colours -Written sources -Senses -Monitering devices
47
An irregularly shaped pattern of airborne hazmat where wind and topography influence the downrange course from the point of release is known as:
Plume
48
Of these three release patterns, which one is cause by BLEVE? A. Stream B. Cone C. Plume
B. Cone
49
What are the three possible stressors during a hazmat incident:
Chemical - Release corrosive gases can cause pressure Mechanical - Accidents can cause stress to the fittings Thermal - exposure to heat or flame can cause to BLEVE
50
Acid or base? A water-soluble compound that chemically dissociates in the water to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion
Base
51
What are the 4 levels of PPE
A B C D
52
What represents Level D PPE?
No respiratory or splash protection (regular fit)
53
What represents Level C PPE?
Some respiratory (involves a form a respirator) and splash protection
54
What represent Level B PPE?
Highest respiratory protection and good splash protection (neck and wrists is probably still exposed)
55
What represents Level A PPE?
High resistance to splash, vapours (fully encapsulated) and highest respiratory protection

FIRE 2024-08 cards (21 decks)

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