Chapter 24: Neurologic System

Question 1

pupillary miosis

Answer 1

having small or constricted pupils, seen in aging adults

Question 2

dyskinesias

Answer 2

uncontrolled, involuntary movement
e.g. repetitive facial grimacing, seen in aging adults

Question 3

bone resorption

Answer 3

loss of bone matrix

Question 4

osteoporosis

Answer 4

loss of mineralized bone mass, porous bones, increased risk of fractures

Question 5

cerebellum

Answer 5

motor coordination
equilibrium
balance

Question 6

occipital lobe

Answer 6

visual reception

Question 7

Wernicke’s area

Answer 7

speech comprehension

Question 8

parietal lobe

Answer 8

sensation

Question 9

precentral gyrus

Answer 9

primary motor area

Question 10

postcentral gyrus

Answer 10

primary sensory area

Question 11

frontal lobe

Answer 11

personality
behavior
emotion
intellectual functions

Question 12

Broca’s area

Answer 12

motor speech

Question 13

synapses

Answer 13

sites of contact between two neurons

Question 14

Parkinson’s

Answer 14

basal ganglia dysfunction

Question 15

basal ganglia

Answer 15

initiate and coordinate movement
automatic movements of body like arms swinging while walking

Question 16

hypothalamus

Answer 16

respiratory center
temperature
appetite
sex drive
heart rate
sleep center
stress responses

Question 17

medulla of brainstem

Answer 17

respiration
heart function
GI function

Question 18

spinal cord

Answer 18

connects the spinal nerves to the brain

Question 19

lumbar cistern

Answer 19

in the vertebral canal, where samples of cerebrospinal fluid are drawn

Question 20

nerve

Answer 20

a bundle of fibers outside the CNS

Question 21

upper motor neuron diseases

Answer 21

stroke
cerebral palsy
multiple sclerosis

Question 22

lower motor neuron diseases

Answer 22

Bell palsy in the face
spinal cord lesions
poliomyelitis
diabetic neuropathy

Question 23

lower motor neuron

Answer 23

provides direct contact with muscle, needed for movement

LMN problem causes hyporeflexia

Question 24

upper motor neuron

Answer 24

carry impulse from brain (motor areas of cerebral cortex) to lower motor neurons

UMN problem causes hyperreflexia

Question 25

visceral reflex arc

Answer 25

pupillary response to light and accomodation

Question 26

superficial reflex arc

Answer 26

e.g. Babinski reflex on baby’s foot

Question 27

deep tendon reflex

Answer 27

knee jerk

Question 28

clonus

Answer 28

rapid contractions of the same muscle

Question 29

concussion

Answer 29

rotation of brain inside the skull

Question 30

aura

Answer 30

a subjective sensation that precedes a seizure

Question 31

tremor

Answer 31

involuntary shaking, vibrating, trembling

Question 32

paresis

Answer 32

weakness (partial or incomplete paralysis)

Question 33

paralysis

Answer 33

total loss of motor function

Question 34

dysmetria

Answer 34

inability to control the distance, power, and speed of a muscular action (Think “bad athlete”)

Question 35

paresthesia

Answer 35

abnormal sensation (burning, tingling)

Question 36

dysarthria

Answer 36

difficulty forming words

Question 37

dysphasia

Answer 37

difficulty understanding or expressing language

Question 38

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 38

decreased blood to brain, increases risk for falls in aging adults

Question 39

ptosis

Answer 39

drooping occurs with myasthenia gravis, cranial nerve 3 dysfunction, Horner syndrome

Question 40

neurogenic anosmia

Answer 40

e.g. head trauma, brain lesion can cause unilateral loss of smell

Question 41

myasthenia gravis

Answer 41

causes muscles under your voluntary control to feel weak and get tired quickly. This happens when the communication between nerves and muscles breaks down

Question 42

Horner syndrome signs

Answer 42

Decreased eye pupil size is a key sign of Horner syndrome. Typically, signs and symptoms of Horner syndrome include decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of the face. Horner syndrome may be the result of another medical problem, such as a stroke, tumor or spinal cord injury

Question 43

strabismus

Answer 43

cross eyed, deviated gaze

Question 44

nystagmus

Answer 44

problem with vestibular system, cerebellum, or brainstem

Question 45

stroke

Answer 45

sensation of face and body lost of opposite side of the lesion -affects lower face on one side -hemiparesis -aphasia -astereognosis

Question 46

Bell palsy

Answer 46

affects upper and lower face on one side

Question 47

dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 47

slow, clumsy, and sloppy response, occurs with cerebellar disease (Think clumsy word)

Question 48

ataxia

Answer 48

uncoordinated or unsteady gait

Question 49

analgesia

Answer 49

absent pain sensation

Question 50

hyperalgesia

Answer 50

increased pain sensation

Question 51

hypoalgesia

Answer 51

decreased pain sensation

Question 52

hypoesthesia

Answer 52

decreased touch sensation

Question 53

anesthesia

Answer 53

absent touch sensation

Question 54

hyperesthesia

Answer 54

increased touch sensation

Question 55

astereognosis

Answer 55

inability to identify an object correctly, may occur with stroke

Question 56

pronator drift

Answer 56

downward unilateral drift of arm, occurs with mild hemiparesis

Question 57

Cushing reflex

Answer 57

shows signs of intracranial pressure

Question 58

uncal herniation

Answer 58

increasing intracranial pressure pushes the brainstem down, puts pressure on CN 3 causing pupil dilation