Chapter 24- Plant Evolution

Question 1

The first group of plants with flowers were _____.

Answer 1

Angiosperms.

Question 2

Name the three types of bryophytes.

Answer 2

Hornworts, liverworts, and mosses.

Question 3

Which of the following produces no seeds? Cycads, conifers, horsetails, ginkgos, tomato, or avocado?

Answer 3

Horsetails.

Question 4

Green plants need what to survive?

Answer 4

Sunlight energy, water, carbon dioxide, and minerals.

Question 5

What is the role of xylem in a plant?

Answer 5

Transport water and minerals

Question 6

The cuticle of a plant is primarily for ____.

Answer 6

Retention of water.

Question 7

Stomata are responsible for ____.

Answer 7

Water escape from the leaves and carbon dioxide entry.

Question 8

In the life cycle of primitive plants, what stage predominates?

Answer 8

Haploid.

Question 9

What are the major trends in in terrestrial autotroph evolution?

Answer 9

Development of vascular trees.
Adaptation to environmental stress.
Nonmotile gametes.
Fertilization by biotic vectors.

Question 10

Gametophytes are _____ plants that produce gametes.

Answer 10

Haploid.

Question 11

In complex land plants the diploid stage is resistant to adverse environmental conditions, such as dwindling water supplies and cold weather. The diploid stage processes through what sequence?

Answer 11

Zygote——sporophyte.

Question 12

List examples of plant seeds.

Answer 12

Cycads, ginkos, conifers, and angiosperms.

Question 13

An increased complexity among the different divisions of land plants is paralleled by increased complexity of what?

Answer 13

The sporophyte.

Question 14

A gametophyte is a _____ producing plant and a haploid.

Answer 14

Gamete.

Question 15

The first haploid cell in the life cycle of a plant is the _____.

Answer 15

Spore.

Question 16

The mosses and liverworts are members of which divisions?

Answer 16

Bryophyta.

Question 17

What are the three types of bryophytes?

Answer 17

Hornworts, liverworts, and mosses.

Question 18

Mosses are different from all other plants in that they have an independent _____ generation and a dependent _____ generation.

Answer 18

Sporophyte, gametophyte.

Question 19

In horsetails, lycophytes, and ferns, _____ give rise to gametophytes.

Answer 19

Spores.

Question 20

Rhizomes in the whisk ferns serve the same function as ____ in more advanced land plants.

Answer 20

Roots.

Question 21

Strobili are ____.

Answer 21

Cones.

Question 22

The feature of horsetails that was useful to pioneers of the American west was _____ in the stems.

Answer 22

Silica.

Question 23

Ferns are more advanced than mosses because mosses lack which structure found in ferns?

Answer 23

Xylem.

Question 24

What is the name given to the “leaves” of a fern?

Answer 24

Frond.

Question 25

The ferns differ from the other vascular plants because they lack _____ and have an independent _____ generation. Ferns possess both xylem and phloem.

Answer 25

Seeds, sporophyte.

Question 26

Why are ferns restricted to wet environments?

Answer 26

The ferns are restricted to wet environments because of the requirements of the gametophytes.

Question 27

A sorus is a collection of ____.

Answer 27

Sporangia.

Question 28

The seed develops from the ____.

Answer 28

Ovule.

Question 29

Gymnosperms were the first plants to not have _____ and were therefore freed from the need for _____ to reproduce.

Answer 29

Swimming sperm, water.

Question 30

What is the most appropriate term for a mature pollen grain?

Answer 30

Microgametophyte.

Question 31

Microspores mature into _____.

Answer 31

Pollen grains.

Question 32

List examples of a conifer.

Answer 32

Pine, fir, cedar, Cyprus.

Question 33

The conifers are examples of the _____.

Answer 33

Gymnosperms.

Question 34

A pine tree is a ______.

Answer 34

Sporophyte.

Question 35

What are the major sources of pulp, lumbar, and numerous industrial products?

Answer 35

Conifers.

Question 36

Angiosperms are more advanced than gymnosperms because gymnosperms lack which structure found in angiosperms?

Answer 36

Fruits.

Question 37

The vast majority of plant species are _____.

Answer 37

Angiosperms.