Chapter 50 Test

Question 1

List the effects of acid rain.

Answer 1

Attacks nylon, attacks marble statues, causes toxic metals to become motile in the ecosystem, can be reduced in the local area by tail smokestacks.

Question 2

List examples of nonrenewable resources.

Answer 2

Oil, coal, natural gas, and nuclear energy.

Question 3

Give examples of processes or movements that could increase the earths carrying capacity.

Answer 3

Irrigation, recycling, conservation and green revolution.

Question 4

Primary treatment for sewage involves ________ and ________, which physically treats water.

Answer 4

Filtration and sedimentation.

Question 5

Approximately 50% of the billions of tons of solid waste produced in the United States is _______.

Answer 5

Paper.

Question 6

The new high-yield crops require what that cannot be supplied by subsistence agriculture?

Answer 6

Irrigation, pesticides, fossil fuel energy and fertilizers.

Question 7

To produce power from fusion, ________ atoms are joined to form _________.

Answer 7

Hydrogen, hydrogen.

Question 8

Primary treatment of wastewater does involve:

Answer 8

Sedimentation tanks, chemicals such as aluminum sulfate, and mechanical screens.

Question 9

What are factors characteristic of a city primarily plagued by photochemical smog?

Answer 9

High concentration of nitrogen oxides, significant amounts and PANs, and large numbers of internal combustion engines.

Question 10

At current rates of clearing and degradation, the disappearance of the tropical rain forest biome may be complete by the year _____.

Answer 10

2035.

Question 11

If one kind of plutonium isotope is not removed, the wastes from a nuclear power reactor must be kept out of the environment for how many years before they are safe?

Answer 11

250,000.

Question 12

Nuclear power plants net energy productions is relatively _______.

Answer 12

Low.

Question 13

After secondary sewage treatment, the water may contain:

Answer 13

Oxygen demanding wastes, pesticides and industrial chemicals, nitrates and phosphates viruses.

Question 14

Acid rain occurs when _______ released in burning ______ combines with water in the atmosphere.

Answer 14

Sulfur, fossil fuels.

Question 15

When the burning of fossil-fuels in manufacturing plants gives off particulates and sulfur oxides, we have ______.

Answer 15

Photochemical smog.

Question 16

The most harmful element in coal that causes serious pollution problems is _______.

Answer 16

Sulfur.

Question 17

In brown air fog, which substance combines with nitrogen dioxide in the sunlight to form photochemical smog?

Answer 17

Hydrocarbons.

Question 18

A thermal inversion refers to a layer of ________ air trapped underneath a _________ air blanket.

Answer 18

Cool; warm.

Question 19

Air pollution ______ visibility, _______ buildings, caused various human ________, and damages plants.

Answer 19

Reduces, corrodes, diseases.

Question 20

What factors are correlated with a decrease in atmospheric ozone?

Answer 20

Suppression of the immune system, decreased rates of photosynthesis, and increased incidence of skin cancers.

Question 21

Which processes are generally considered a component of tertiary wastewater treatment?

Answer 21

Absorption of dissolved organic compounds, precipitation of suspended solids, and reverse osmosis.

Question 22

Fossil fuels will be commercially depleted within the next ________ years.

Answer 22

100.

Question 23

Which factors are characteristic of a city primarily plagued by industrial smog?

Answer 23

High concentration of sulfur oxides, dependence on fossil fuel for manufacturing, and cold wet winters.

Question 24

Uses of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) include:

Answer 24

Plastic packaging, aerosol propellants, and refrigeration coolants.

Question 25

The primary cause of desertification in the world today is ________ or marginal lands.

Answer 25

Overgrazing.

Question 26

For every million liters of water in the world, only about _____ liters are in a form that can be used for human consumption or agriculture.

Answer 26

6.

Question 27

The atmosphere above which region is known to have a hole in the ozone layer?

Answer 27

Antarctica.

Question 28

Name substances that contribute to acid rain.

Answer 28

Waste products from the burning of gasoline, waste products from the burning of coal, and nitrogen fertilizers.

Question 29

About how many beverage containers sold in the United States each year are nonreturnable cans and bottles, many of which are discarded in public places?

Answer 29

50 billion.

Question 30

List cities that have and are known for brown fog.

Answer 30

Los Angeles.

Question 31

The soils in the tropical rain forest are nutrient poor because ________ of organic matter is very rapid.

Answer 31

Decomposition.

Question 32

The concept of solar-hydrogen energy can accurately be described as:

Answer 32

Sunlight produces electricity which is used to produce hydrogen fuel.

Question 33

Acid rain increases the mobility of ______ heavy metals, is the major reason for the production of sterile _____ around the world, has a pH ______ 7, and is primarily the result of ______ pollution.

Answer 33

Toxic, lakes, below, industrial.

Question 34

Landfills should contain _______ solid wastes.

Answer 34

No recycled.

Question 35

Industrial smog causes air to turn ________. (color)

Answer 35

Gray.

Question 36

In the United States, how many metric tons of pollutants are discharged into the atmosphere each day?

Answer 36

100,000.

Question 37

Which acid is the most severe air pollutant?

Answer 37

Nitric acid.

Question 38

When the burning of fossil fuels in vehicle engines off particulates and nitric oxides, what results?

Answer 38

Smog.

Question 39

Problems associated with the extraction or use of coal as a large-scale source of energy include:

Answer 39

Production of sulfur oxides, amplification of the general warming trend of the earth, and strip mining in fragile semiarid environments.

Question 40

Subsistence agriculture does not utilize _______ fertilizers.

Answer 40

Synthetic.

Question 41

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) are pollutants because biogeochemical mechanisms for their removal have not yet appeared in the _____.

Answer 41

Biosphere.

Question 42

What is the most reliable source of energy for the next few hundred or thousands of years?

Answer 42

Sun.

Question 43

How many trees are required just to print all the Sunday newspapers in the United States?

Answer 43

500,000.

Question 44

What percentage of urban wastes are paper products?

Answer 44

50%.

Question 45

List results or effects of irrigation.

Answer 45

Raised water tables, increased food production, and water logging of soil.

Question 46

The unequal distribution of acid rain over the United States is closely correlated with burning _________.

Answer 46

Fossil fuels.

Question 47

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has dramatically _________ in the last few decades.

Answer 47

Increased.

Question 48

Of the earths land, what is the maximum percentage now being used for agriculture?

Answer 48

21%.

Question 49

For a given crop yield, modern agricultural practices require how many times more energy and mineral resources than is required by subsistence agricultural practices?

Answer 49

100.

Question 50

The two chemical elements associated with acid deposition are ________ and _________.

Answer 50

Nitrogen and sulfur.

Question 51

Tropical plants or their products have provided humans with:

Answer 51

Medicines, fuels, spices, resins, dyes, etc.

Question 52

Acid rain is NOT a serious problem in some areas because of the presence of which substance in the soil?

Answer 52

Carbonate.

Question 53

Using recycled paper could reduce the air population that results from paper manufacturing by: ______%.

Answer 53

95.

Question 54

Deforestation results in ______ air temperatures, _______ soil fertility, and _______ rainfall patterns.

Answer 54

Increased, decreased, altered.

Question 55

The region of the United States most affected by acid rain is the __________.

Answer 55

Northeast.

Question 56

Air pollution may cause what physical ailments?

Answer 56

Lung cancer, emphysema, bronchitis, and burning eyes.

Question 57

Carbon dioxide is a pollutant because it cannot be recycled at a rate ______ to its preset production.

Answer 57

Equal.

Question 58

Transportation-produced smog causes air to turn ________ (color).

Answer 58

Brown.

Question 59

List examples of particulate wastes.

Answer 59

Smoke, soot, asbestos and dust.