Chapter 25

Question 1

Afebrile

Answer 1

a condition in which the body temp is not elevated

Question 2

apnea

Answer 2

a period of no breathing

Question 3

auscultatory gap

Answer 3

period of diminished or absence korotkoff sounds, occurs during manual blood pressure

Question 4

blood pressure

Answer 4

force of blood against artieral walls

Question 5

bradycardia

Answer 5

slow heart rate

Question 6

bradypnea

Answer 6

slow rate of breathing

Question 7

diastolic pressure

Answer 7

least amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls, which occurs when the heart is at rest between contractions

Question 8

dyspnea

Answer 8

difficult or labored breathing

Question 9

dysrthythmia

Answer 9

abnormal cardiac rhythm

Question 10

eupnea

Answer 10

normal respirations

Question 11

febrile

Answer 11

condition in which the body temp is elevated

Question 12

fever

Answer 12

elevation above the upper limit of normal body temp
synonmym for pyrexia

Question 13

Hypertension

Answer 13

blood pressure elevated above the upper limit of normal

Question 14

hyperthermia

Answer 14

high body temp

Question 15

hypotension

Answer 15

blood pressure below the lower limit of normal

Question 16

Hypothermia

Answer 16

low body temp

Question 17

Korotkoff sounds

Answer 17

series of sounds that correspond to changes in blood flow through the artery as pressure is released

Question 18

Orthopnea

Answer 18

type of dyspnea in which breathing is easier as a patient sits or stands

Question 19

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 19

temp fail in blood pressure associated in sitting up
AKA postural hypotension

Question 20

Pulse

Answer 20

a wave produced in the wall of an artery with each beat of the heart

Question 21

Pulse deficit

Answer 21

difference between apical and radial pulse rates

Question 22

Pulse pressure

Answer 22

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 23

pyrexia

Answer 23

elevation above the upper limit of normal body temp
AKA fever

Question 24

Respirations

Answer 24

gas exchange between the atmosphere air in the alveoli and blood in capallieries

Question 25

Systolic pressure

Answer 25

highest point of pressure on arterial walls when ventricles contract

Question 26

Tachycardia

Answer 26

rapid heart rate

Question 27

tachypnea

Answer 27

rapid rate of breathing

Question 28

Temperature

Answer 28

refers to the hotness or coldness of a substance

Question 29

Vital signs

Answer 29

body temp, pulse & respiratory rates and blood pressure AKA cardinal signs

Question 30

Vital signs are indicators of

Answer 30

physiologic functioning and reflect health status

Question 31

What is pulse oximetry?

Answer 31

non-invasive measurement of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation

Question 32

When to assess vital signs?

Answer 32

1. on admission 2. based on instituional policy 3. anytime a change in patients condition 4. loss on consciousness 5. before/after procedure 6. before/after activity that can increase risk 7. before administering meds that affect cardio or respiratory

Question 33

What is the primary source of heat in the body?

Answer 33

Metabolism

Question 34

What is the primary site of heat loss>

Answer 34

Skin

Question 35

What system controls the opening and closing of shunts in response to core body temp and in environmental temp?

Answer 35

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 36

Heat is transferred to external environment by?

Answer 36

radiation, convection, evaporation, conduction

Question 37

What are the factors affecting body temp?

Answer 37

Circadian rhythms Age Sex physical activity state of health environment

Question 38

What is radiation for heat transfer?

Answer 38

the diffusion of heat by electromagnetic waves

Question 39

What is convection for heat transfer?

Answer 39

diffusion of heat by motion between areas EX. Fan blows cool air across hot body

Question 40

What is evaporation for heat transfer?

Answer 40

conversion of liquid to vapor **sweat

Question 41

What is conduction for heat transfer?

Answer 41

transfer of heat from one object to another *ice pack on head

Question 42

Terms for fever: Intermittent Remittent Sustained/continous Relapsing

Answer 42

Intermittent: returns to normal at least once a 24 hrs Remittent: does not return to normal. flucuates Sustained/continous: Remains above normal Relapsing: returns to normal for 1 or more days, then fever returns

Question 43

What is a neurogenic fever?

Answer 43

Damage to hypothalamus. Does not response to anti pyretic medications

Question 44

Characteristics of pulse include?

Answer 44

rate, rhythm and amplitude

Question 45

What do the charateristics of the pulse indicate?

Answer 45

effectiveness of heart as a pump, volume of blood ejected with each beat, adequacy of peripheral blood flow

Question 46

The pulse is regulated by what system?

Answer 46

autonomic nervous system through the SA node

Question 47

Pulse rate is the number of?

Answer 47

pulsations felt over a peripheral artery or heard over apex of heart in 1 min

Question 48

What is a normal pulse rate for adults

Answer 48

60-100 beats/min

Question 49

What are the rates for tachycardia and bradycardia?

Answer 49

Tachy - 100-180 Brady - >60

Question 50

factors contributing to tachycardia?

Answer 50

-Low blood pressure -increased temp -condition w/ poor oxygen -excersice -prolonged exposure of heat -Pain & strong emotions -medications

Question 51

The pulse amplitude describes?

Answer 51

quality of pulse in terms of fullness, reflects strength of left ventricle contraction

Question 52

What is pulse rhythm>

Answer 52

pattern of beats and pauses

Question 53

Respiration involves what 3 things?

Answer 53

ventilation, diffusion, perfusion

Question 54

What is ventilation?

Answer 54

Movement of gases in and out of the lungs

Question 55

What is diffusion?

Answer 55

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli of lungs and circulating blood

Question 56

What is purfusion?

Answer 56

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissue

Question 57

Factors effecting respiratory rate?

Answer 57

Age Excersice Acid/base balance brain lesions increased altitude Respiratory disease Anemia Anxeity meds Pain

Question 58

What is normal respirations?

Answer 58

12-20/min - normal pattern

Question 59

What are tachypnea respirations?

Answer 59

> 24 breaths a min

Question 60

What are bradypnea respirations>

Answer 60

< 10 breaths a min

Question 61

What are cheyne-stokes respirations?

Answer 61

alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by apnea; regular

Question 62

what are biots respirations?

Answer 62

varying depth and rate, followed by periods of apnea, irregular

Question 63

What 2 things determine cardiac output?

Answer 63

Stroke volume and heart rate

Question 64

Disorders resulting from hypertension include

Answer 64

thickening of myocardium, enlargmenet of ventricles, heart failure, myocardium infarction, stroke & kidney damage