Chapter 25 /35

Question 1

Genitourinary (GU) surgery includes?

Answer 1

(KUB) kidneys, urethra, bladder and male reproductive system

Question 2

Transurethral surgery provides direct visualization and access to ?

Answer 2

lower urinary tract

Question 3

Open surgery is performed through an _____ _______ in the abdomen including the ___________ or flank

Answer 3

Open incision

retroperitoneum

Question 4

The retroperitoneal cavity lies _________ to the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 4

posterior

Question 5

Surgical access to the organs in the retro peritoneum is gained through the abdominal peritoneum or _________ or ________

Answer 5

back

flank

Question 6

What organ is the primary organ for filtering blood?

Answer 6

kidney

Question 7

Kidneys have _ main layers?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

What are the main 2 layers of the kidney?

Answer 8

Cortex (outer)

Medulla (inner)

Question 9

Kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal cavity at the ____ thoracic vertebra level?

Answer 9

12th

Question 10

A notched area in the medial side of each kidney is called?

Answer 10

hilum

Question 11

The ureter, renal artery and veins emerge from what area of the kidney?

Answer 11

hilum

Question 12

List of purposes of the kidneys:

Answer 12

1. regulate and maintain body fluid and PH
2. Help regualte and maintain blood pressure by producing the hormone renin
3. produce hormone erythropoietin to control rate of WBC
4. Assist is production of water soluable Vitamin D

Question 13

Kidney stones are also called?

Answer 13

calculi

Question 14

Kidney stones rarely form in the bladder ? True or False

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Most small kidney stones pass through the _____ ____ without treatment

Answer 15

urinary tract

Question 16

Stones located in the ______ _________ can cause obstruction and anuria?

Answer 16

upper urinary tract

Question 17

Renal Calculi can be considered a medical emergency? True or false

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Calculi can be removed __________ or reduced with ______________

Answer 18

surgically

ESWL (extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Question 19

Adrenal Glads are paierd organs that lie _______ side of the upper kidney

Answer 19

medial

Question 20

Adrenal glads secrete _____________ and harmones needed for metabolsm

Answer 20

corticosteroids

Question 21

Name both layers of the adrenal glands?

Answer 21

outer cortex

inner medulla

Question 22

Adrenal cortex produces _______ and _____________ which control the body’s metabolic process

Answer 22

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Question 23

Andrenal medulla secretes what harmones?

Answer 23

epinephrine and nonepinephrine

Question 24

An adrenalectomy may be indicated to removed a benign, malignant or metastatic tumor….true or false

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Ureters are a __ layered tubular structure?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

Name the 3 layers of the Ureters?

Answer 26

Outer Fibrous Middle Muscular inner mucosal

Question 27

Urine moves along the ureter by ___________

Answer 27

peristalsis

Question 28

Segmental contraction and relaxing of the ureters muscular layer is called _________

Answer 28

peristalsis

Question 29

What communicates with the lower bladder to enable excretion of urine from the body?

Answer 29

Urethra

Question 30

Meatus is ____________ opening

Answer 30

urethral

Question 31

Seminal Vesicler are situated close to the ___________ duct at the proximal end?

Answer 31

Epididymis

Question 32

Seminal Vesicler secrete about _________ of semen fluid containing sperm?

Answer 32

60%

Question 33

Another name for Bulbourethral glands?

Answer 33

Cowper Gland

Question 34

What glands secrete mucus that contribute to the total volume of semen?

Answer 34

Bulbourethral

Question 35

____________ normally remove waster from the blood?

Answer 35

Kidneys

Question 36

Kidney dialysis is performed in patients with chronic and _______

Answer 36

end stage renal disease (ESRD)

Question 37

In a healthy adult, the kidneys produce ______ of urine per day?

Answer 37

3.2 pints (1.5L)

Question 38

What are the main components of urine?

Answer 38

95 % water | 5 % solutes

Question 39

specific gravity is measured with a calibrated ___________ or __________

Answer 39

hydrometer | urinometer

Question 40

______ is the preferred method for imaging tumors of the kidneys

Answer 40

CT

Question 41

Non contrast helical CT is used to diagnose _____

Answer 41

calculi

Question 42

_________ ___________ provides images of the bladder while its empting

Answer 42

Micturating Cystourethrogram

Question 43

_______ imaging is used to detect metastasis

Answer 43

Nuclear

Question 44

Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy are always performed in what position

Answer 44

lithotomy

Question 45

The most common approach for a flank incision?

Answer 45

Lateral

Question 46

Prone position is used for endoscopic and ______

Answer 46

nephroscopy

Question 47

_________ are extremely delicate and require _______ clamps such as _______

Answer 47

ureters atramatic Babcock clamp, right angle and Schnitz clamps

Question 48

The lumen or bore of a catheter is measured in _____

Answer 48

french

Question 49

The most common size catheters used in size are

Answer 49

16 to 18

Question 50

Four uses of urinary catheterizing are?

Answer 50

1. short term urinary drainage 2. continuous drainage 3. hemostasis & evacuation of blood clots or blood 4. continuity of the urethra or ureters

Question 51

___________ is used to apply pressure against tissue or an opening?

Answer 51

Tamponade

Question 52

Tamponade is used after ____________ resection of the __________ to control bleeding

Answer 52

trans urethral | prostate

Question 53

As the number of the catheter decreases, the luman diameter also decreases? True or False

Answer 53

true

Question 54

List 2/3 reason for the use of a ureteral catheters

Answer 54

1. immediate drainage of ureter 2. bypass a stone or tumor 3. keep ureter open to allow a stone to pass

Question 55

The most common resectoscope is a ________

Answer 55

Iglesias