Chapter 25

Question 1

a group of persons protected by specific laws because of the group’s defining characteristics, including race, color, religion, national origin, gender, age, and disability

Answer 1

protected class

Question 2

treating employees or job applicants unequally on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, gender, age, or disability

Answer 2

employment discrimination

Question 3

a form of employment discrimination that results when an employer intentionally discriminates against employees who are members of protected classes

Answer 3

Disparate-Treatment Discrimination

Question 4

a case in which the plaintiff has produced sufficient evidence of his or her claim that the case will be decided for the plaintiff unless the defendant produces no evidence to rebut it

Answer 4

prima facie case

Question 5

discrimination that results from certain employer practices or procedures that, although no discriminatory on their face, have a discriminatory effect

Answer 5

disparate-impact discrimination

Question 6

a termination of employment brought about by making the employee’s working conditions so intolerable that the employee reasonably feels compelled to leave

Answer 6

constructive discharge

Question 7

demanding of sexual favors in return for job promotions or other benefits, or language or conduct that is so sexually offensive that it creates a hostile working environment

Answer 7

sexual harassment

Question 8

a significant change in employment status or benefits, such as occurs when an employee is fired, refused a promotion or reassigned to a lesser position

Answer 8

tangible employment action

Question 9

a defense to an allegation of employment discrimination in which the employer demonstrates that an employment practice that discriminates against members of a protected class is related to job performance

Answer 9

business necessity

Question 10

identifiable characteristics reasonably necessary to the normal operation of a particular business. These characteristics can include gender, national origin, and religion, but not race

Answer 10

bona fide occupational qualification

Question 11

system in which those who have worked longest for an employer are first in line for promotions, salary increases, and other benefits, and are last to be laid off if the workforce must be reduced

Answer 11

seniority system

Question 12

job-hiring policies that give special consideration to members of protected classes in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination

Answer 12

affirmative action