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12th Govt > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Consolidated democracy

A

A nation that has democratic elections, political parties, constitutional government, an independent judiciary, and usually a market economy

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2
Q

Life peers

A

A person who has been awarded a title in the House of Lords for outstanding achievement

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3
Q

Apartheid

A

Strict segregation of the races

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4
Q

Sanctions

A

A measure shuck as withholding economic aid to influence a foreign governments activities

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5
Q

Muslim

A

A follower of the religion of Islam

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6
Q

Mullah

A

A specially trained Islamic religious leader

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7
Q

Shah

A

A king

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8
Q

Supranational organizations

A

An organization whose authority overrides the sovereignty of its individual members

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9
Q

State sponsored terrorism

A

Terrorism that is secretly supported by government

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10
Q

Nuclear proliferation

A

The spread of nuclear weapons

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11
Q

Give examples if factors that shape a nations government

A 
History
Culture
Economic needs
Natural resources
Geography
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12
Q

Where did the first democratic ideals originate

A

Ancient Greece and Rome

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13
Q

Explain what a parliamentary government is and how it functions

A

It serves as both legislative and executive function
Type of democratic govt
They are an elected assembly

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14
Q

Difference between House of Lords and House of Commons

A

House of Lords- the aristocratic house. Have very little power today
House of Commons- has the power. Make legislative and financial policies for Britain

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15
Q

What is the role of the prime minister including their powers and jobs

A

The leader of the majority party in parliament

Jobs: They choose heads of departments and serve an executive function

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16
Q

Describe the Japanese national diet

A 
House of councillors-
House of Representatives-
Lawmaking body of Japan-
Makes fiscal decisions 
Votes the way the government wants
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17
Q

Who does a cabinet preside over in a parliamentary govt

A

Presides over departments or ministries

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18
Q

Explain how govt can be dissolved

A

If people are unhappy with the direction govt has taken, the prime minister and cabinet may be forced to resign. This results in new elections
May also occur if govt thinks it can gain more seats

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19
Q

What is presidential govt?

Give an example of a nation that has it

A

In democracy
Separation of legislative and executive branch
In the U.S. and France

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20
Q

Understand the role of the French govt

A

Is directly elected by voters
Negotiates treaties
Appoints higher officials
Chair to be the high council of the armed forces
Can appeal to the people by referendum
Dictatorial powers during times of national emergency

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21
Q

Describe the role of premier

A

Equivalent to a prime minister
Names minister to the cabinet
Works with a president
Conducts the day to day work of the govt
Must answer to National Assembly and president

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22
Q

How did Poland progress towards democracy

A

Broke free from communism under lech walesa

Created a constitution but continue to struggle due to their economy

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23
Q

How did South Africa progress toward democracy

A

Policy of apartheid-strict segregation of races- would lead to Nelson Mandela protesting
Eventually held nonracial elections
Are transitioning to a democratic society

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24
Q

How did Mexico progress toward democracy

A

Had a democratic constitution but was dominated by the PRI party
Would eventually open the door for more parties to participate

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25
Lech Walesa
Poland Labor leader in Poland United anti communists Would become first democratically elected president in Poland
26
Mao Zedong
``` China Communist in China Forced nationalists to flee China Established China as a communist country with to ligation govt Had 5 year plans ```
27
Kim Jong Un
North Korea Dictator Inherit position from father Controls every aspect of North Koreans lives
28
Vincente Fox
First PAn non majority party president in Mexico
29
Fidel Castro
Outgrew Established communist country Had a bad relationship until recently
30
Nelson Mandela
South Africa Lead the ANC trying to get rid of apartheid Would be jailed but eventually released and became president
31
Osama Bin Laden
Saudi Arabia Wealthy Established al-Qaeda Wanted to destroy US
32
Explain how the people's republic of China came to be
Was ruled by emperors until the late 1800s Last emperor overthrown in 1911 Rival parties, the communists, and nationalists fought for power until uniting during wwii Communists led by Mao Zedong seized power in 1949 Nationalists fled to Taiwan Chinese communist party took control of govt
33
Describe Mao Zedongs China
Socialist state similar to the Soviet Union Took control of all major industries and farmland Assigned jobs to workers Created 5-year plans to guide economic decisions Forded peasants to work on collective farms under govt supervision
34
Explain what he politburo is in China
Makes national policy for China | Has 20 ccp party leaders; 7 make most of decisions for 1.3 billion Chinese people
35
How does China prevent opposition
Filter and sensor the Internet No other parties are allowed to form Massacred hundreds of people who protest
36
Who was the first president to visit China
Richard Nixon
37
Why do the US and China work together
Mostly for economic reasons
38
Explain why the U.S. And Cuba have had tense relations
Once Castro took over in Cuba, he installed a communist government with ties to the Soviet Union U.S. Would invade Cuba during the Bay of Pigs Invasion Also had issues with soviet-installed missiles on Cuba in October of 1962 Recently the U.S. Has reopened trade
39
Describe life in North Korea under their dictator
``` Bad Every aspect of life is controlled No outside information coming in Any wealth is given to Kim Jong UN Starvation is a problem ```
40
Explain how Islam was formed
Founder is Muhammad | He had a vision from Allah to form the Koran
41
In many Islamic countries...
There is no separation between church and state
42
Compare and contrast: secularists Fundamentalists Moderates
Secularists: Muslim that believes religious doctrine and secular law should be separate Fundamentalists: believe that Islamic countries should take their laws from the Koran-religion law Moderates: want some influence from Islamic teachings but to also coexist with a modern world
43
What is shari'ah
Law of the Quran
44
Describe the govts in Iran and Saudi Arabia
Iran- unhappy with thee modern view of the shah, fundamentalists united under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini forced the shah to flee to the U.S. And demand his return, us refused and would result in the Iranian hostage crisis Saudi Arabia- Al Saud family took power in 1932 Typically fundamentalist but discovery of oil has forced the royal family to modernize
45
Understand the difference between an NGO and an IGO
NGO- nongovernmental organizations IGO- intergovernmental organization
46
Understand the three goals of the UN
Preserve world peace and security Encourage nations to deal fairly with eachother Help nations cooperate
47
Explain the structure of the UN
General assembly- discusses debates; controls UN budget Security council- 15 members; 5 permanent members; makes peacekeeping decisions for UN Secretariat-responsible for day to day business International court of justice- aka world court; judicial branch of UN Economic and social council- helps UN promote social and economic progress around world- health, education and human rights Specialized agencies-
48
Explain how the UN can keep the peace world wide
Can issue sanctions Can send a military coalition Can send smaller peace keeping groups
49
Explain why the European Union was formed
To unite nations economically and politically
50
Under Maastricht treaty,
European Union members began to give up some sovereignty
51
Explain the structure of the Europeans Union government
Council of the European Union- decides key directions for eu policy. Secretaries sent from each member nation European Parliament- legislative brand of eu. Works w/council to form annual budget European court of justice- hears cases on wide range of subjects European Commission- does much of daily work. Directs eu bureaucracy President of commission- head of the commission
52
Why is there an increasing number of global issues affecting the world today
Countries have become more dependent on eachother
53
Define terrorism | Where do most terrorist groups originate
Non governmental groups use violence against civilians for a political goal Most come from the Middle East
54
Explain what al-Qaeda and Taliban are
Al-Qaeda: terrorist group formed by Osama bin laden to harm western cultures Taliban: fundamentalist political group that is based out of Afghanistan
55
Describe what happened on September 11, 2001
4 plains were high jacked by al qeada members hitting American targets killing apprx 3,000 people
56
Who has had nuclear weapons for years
``` Us Russia Great Britain France China ```
57
What did the non proliferation treaty do
Had nations promise to not provide nuclear weapons and technology to other nations and to ensure the safe use of nuclear power and encourage general disarmament and destruction of nuclear weapons
58
Identify the current nuclear issue facing the world | What nations are a large concern
The ability to build small nuclear weapons using low-enriched unranium or spent nuclear fuel which are readily available to other nations North Korea and Iran
59
Define human rights
The basic freedoms and rights that all people should enjoy no matter what
60
Explain what he universal declaration of human rights protects
Similar rights to those of the U.S. Constitution | Freedom of movement, right to seek asylum, right to marry, right to own property
61
Understand the role of international criminal tribunals
Temporary courts under the UN to prosecute violators of human rights laws
62
What is the debat about environmental protections?
Developed nations were able to industrialize without international regulations resulting in pollution Less developed nations want to do the same
63
Explain why the U.S. Has been wary about agreeing to environmental policy such a s the Kyoto protocol
Worry about its impact on the U.S. Economy
64
Define sustainable development
How can nations of the world economically develop and still protect the environment

12th Govt (13 decks)

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