Chapter 25 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Intracellular fluid his found only within

Answer 1

The cells of the body

Question 2

In an adult male the body consist of a bow percent water

Answer 2

60

Question 3

About two thirds of the body fluid is within cells and is termed ____ fluid

Answer 3

Intracellular

Question 4

In an adult female the body consist of about ______ percent water

Answer 4

50

Question 5

When water is lost but electrolytes are retained

Answer 5

Osmosis moves water from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid

Question 6

When pure water is consumed

Answer 6

Osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall

Question 7

Rapid water movement between the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid is termed

Answer 7

Fluid shift

Question 8

With regard to fluid balance water gains occur primarily in the

Answer 8

Digestive tract

Question 9

The principal cation in cytoplasm is

Answer 9

Potassium

Question 10

Which of the following is required as a cofactor for hemoglobin synthesis

Answer 10

Copper

Question 11

The ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are sodium and

Answer 11

Chloride

Question 12

With regard to mineral balance the primary site of Ion loss in the body is

Answer 12

The kidneys

Question 13

Which hormone is released by cardiac muscles in response to increase atrial distention

Answer 13

Natriuretic peptides

Question 14

Consuming a meal high in salt will

Answer 14

Results in a temporary increase in blood volume

Question 15

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 15

Stimulates water conservation by the kidneys

Question 16

Aldosterone

Answer 16

All of the above

Question 17

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism

Answer 17

ADH

Question 18

Which substance plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption

Answer 18

Aldosterone

Question 19

The release of natriuretic peptide from the heart will cause all of the following responses except

Answer 19

Stimulation of ADH release

Question 20

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids response to changes in the

Answer 20

Extracellular fluid

Question 21

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

Answer 21

Aldosterone

Question 22

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

Answer 22

None of the answers are correct

Question 23

All of the following factors cause potassium excretion except

Answer 23

Decreased pH of extracellular fluid

Question 24

Normal K+ concentration and extracellular fluid is _______ mEq/L

Answer 24

3.5 to 5.0

Question 25

A _______ acid is an acid cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere

Answer 25

Fixed

Question 26

_________ plays a key role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis by eliminating carbon dioxide

Answer 26

The respiratory system

Question 27

Small amounts of _______ acid are generated during catabolism of amino acids

Answer 27

Fixed

Question 28

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of the body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ions is called

Answer 28

Buffer

Question 29

A _____ consist of a combination of a weak acid and it's associated anion

Answer 29

Buffer system

Question 30

The normal pH range for extracellular fluid is

Answer 30

7.35 to 7.45

Question 31

When the blood pH falls below 7.35 _______results

Answer 31

Acidemia

Question 32

When the pH rises above 7.45 state of ____ exists

Answer 32

Alkalosis

Question 33

The primary role of the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system is to

Answer 33

Limit PH changes is caused by organic and fixed acids

Question 34

Which buffer/buffer system exists only in intracellular fluid

Answer 34

The phosphate buffer system

Question 35

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Answer 35

The kidneys

Question 36

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops the kidneys

Answer 36

Excrete more hydrogen ions and re absorb bicarbonate ions

Question 37

Prolong vomiting can result in

Answer 37

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 38

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate to settle an upset stomach risks

Answer 38

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 39

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder metabolic alkalosis

Answer 39

Consequence of prolonged vomiting

Question 40

Hypoventilation leads to

Answer 40

Respiratory acidosis

Question 41

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis

Answer 41

Consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation for example due to emphysema

Question 42

Which of the following description best fits the acid-base disorders respiratory alkalosis

Answer 42

Consequence of hyperventilation for example i. fever or mental Illness

Question 43

Hyperventilation will ______ pH

Answer 43

Raise/increase

Question 44

A_____ acids is an acid That can leave solution and enter atmosphere

Answer 44

Volatile

Question 45

The hemoglobin buffer system exists in

Answer 45

Both intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid