Chapter 25 Invertebrates Flashcards
(126 cards)
0
Q
_________ is unique to animals.
A
Nervous and muscle tissue
1
Q
Animals get their support from
A
Collagen and structural proteins
2
Q
A blastocoel is the
A
Hollow inside of a blastula
3
Q
Gastrulation is
A
The infolding of a blastocoel
4
Q
Hox(homeovox) genes
A
Regulate the development of body form
5
Q
Animals that do not have true tissue
A
Parazoa
6
Q
Animals that have true tissues
A
Eumetazoa
7
Q
Radial symmetric animals have __ germ layers
A
- Diploblastic. Endoderm and ectoderm
8
Q
Bilateral animals have how many germ layers
A
Three. Triploblastic. Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm.
9
Q
Platyhelminthes is an example of what type of body cavity
A
Acoelomates. No body cavity.
10
Q
Phylum Nematoda is an example of what type of body cavity
A
Pseudocoelomates
11
Q
Phylum Annelida is an example of what type of body cavity
A
Coelomates
12
Q
The blastopore is the
A
Origin of the mouth and the anus
13
Q
Ecdysozoans are known for
A
Shedding their exoskeletons
14
Q
In protostomes, the ____ develops first from the blastopore
A
Mouth
15
Q
Ecdysozoans and Lophotrochozoans are both types of
A
Protostomes
16
Q
In deuterostomes, the ____ is produced first from the blastopore
A
Anus
17
Q
Echinoderms and chordates are both examples of
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Deuterostomates
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Q
Protostomates go through
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Spiral cleavage, determinate development
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Q
Deuterostomates go through
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Radial cleavage, indeterminate development
20
Q
The first animals are known as
A
Ediacarans from the location they were discovered in.
21
Q
The Paleozoic era lasted from
A
542-251 million years ago.
22
Q
The most recent animal ancestor is the
A
Choanoflagellate
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Q
True tissue animals make up the
A
Largest group
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Bilateria is the most
Diverse group
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The only phylum belonging to the parazoans is
Porifera
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Flagellated collar cells that line the inside of the spongocoel and phagocytose food particles
Choanocytes
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Cribrostatin is found in
Sponges
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Sponges are protected by
Spicules made up of calcium carbonate
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Hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones and corals belong to the
Phylum Cnidaria
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Cnidocytes function as
Defense cells, contain nematocysts.
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The largest animals to use cilia belong to
Phylum Ctenophyta
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Animals belonging to phylum Ctenophyta were the first
With complete digestion.
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Comb jellies are an example of phylum
Ctenophyta
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Class Scyphozoa is the
True jellies.
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Animals belonging to class Cubozoa
Sea wasps, box jellies.
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Examples of class Anthozoa
Sea anemone, sea fans, coral
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Where do zoozanthellae live?
In coral
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Colonial polyps belong to class
Hydrozoa
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Members of phylum Rotifera reproduce by
Parthogenesis
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Parthogenesis produces what from unfertilized eggs
Females. When there isn't enough females.
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Phylum Rotifera has what type of body cavity
Pseudocoelom
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Phylum Rotifera has what type of digestive tract
Complete.
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Phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda are Deuterostomates or protostomes?
Protostomes
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Phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda go through what stage of development
Lophophore. Ciliary feeding device
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How do phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda breathe?
Through their tentacles
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In phylum mollusca, what does the mantle do
Produces shell, houses anus, gills, excretory pores
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Why do mollusks belong to Lophotrochozoans?
Because they have trochophore larvae.
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Do snails have separate genders?
No, they're hermaphrodites.
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Where are the gonads located in mollusks?
Visceral mass
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What is the function of the radula in mollusks?
Tongue, or teeth. Accessing food.
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What is the meaning of the word polyplacophora?
Many plate bearer
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What is an example of class polyplacophora?
Chitons
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What are members of class Gastropoda?
Snails and slugs.
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What are members of class bivalvia?
Clams, oysters, scallops
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What are examples of class Cephalopoda?
Nautilus, octopus, squid
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How does a nautilus remain buoyant?
Gas exchange within the chambers of its shell
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What is the shell in squid and cuttlefish?
A pin or bone, formed by calcium carbonate.
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What type of circulatory system do Cephalopods have?
Closed circulatory system
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Phylum Platyhelminthes is made up of
Flat worms.
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What type of body cavity do members of phylum Platyhelminthes have?
Acoelomates.
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How is circulation achieved in Platyhelminthes?
By diffusion.
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What function do protonephridia serve?
Primitive kidney function
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What is an example of class Turbellaria?
Planarians
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Fish flukes belong to what class?
Monogeneans
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Schistosomiasis is contracted by eating what?
Undercooked pork
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Flukes and schistosomes are members of what class?
Trematoda
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Tapeworms become attached by what body structure?
Scolex
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Tapeworms reproduce by breaking off what?
Proglottids
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An example of class cestoda is what?
Tapeworms
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Segmentation in Annelids allows for
Specialization of body regions
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Phylum Annelida has this type of body cavity
Coelomate.
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Annelids exhibit these types of development
Protostomate, Lophotrochozoan.
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How does the adaptation of a coelom benefit Annelids
Provides hydrostatic skeleton that promotes locomotion.
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What type of digestive system do Annelids have?
Complete
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What type of circulatory system do Annelids have?
Closed.
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Pair of excretory tubes with ciliated funnels that remove wastes from the blood through exterior pores.
Metanephridia
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What functions as a brain in Annelids?
Cerebral ganglia.
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Annelids can reproduce asexually by
Fragmentation, then regeneration.
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Sexually, Annelids are
Hermaphroditic.
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Earthworms and some aquatic Annelids belong to class
Oligochaeta
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Marine segmented worms belong to
Class Polychaeta
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Members of class Polychaeta exhibit what type of development
Lophophores. Anchor into substrate.
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Parapodia
Hairlike extensions, mainly in marine species. Some are toxic.
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Leeches belong to what class?
Hirudinea
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Ecdysozoans grow by
Shedding their exoskeleton.
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Members of phylum Nematoda grow by
Ecdysis.
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Members of phylum Nematoda develop what first from their blastocoels?
Mouth
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Nematodes are known as the
Round worms.
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What type of body cavity do nematodes have?
Pseudocoelom
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How are nutrients transported in phylum Nematoda
Fluids in the pseudocoelom
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Do nematodes have an incomplete or complete digestive tract?
Complete
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In nematodes, the circulatory system is
Absent.
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What are examples of nematodes
Pinworms and hook worms.
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The word Arthropoda means
Jointed feet.
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2 out of three organisms is an
Arthropod
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What substance makes up an Arthropod's exoskeleton ?
Chitin
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Arthropods have what type of body cavity
True coelom. Coelomates.
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Arthropods are protostomates or Deuterostomates?
Protostomates
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Arthropods have what type of circulatory system?
Open. Hemolymph is propelled by the heart.
100
Subphylum chelicerata are named for
Their chelicerae. Clawlike appendages.
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Class xiphosura belongs to what subphylum?
Chelicerata
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Horseshoe crabs belong to what class?
Xiphosura
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Class Arachnida belongs to what subphylum
Chelicerata
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What are examples of members of class Arachnida?
Scorpions, spiders, ticks, mites
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Arachnids are made up of what two main body sections
The prosome and the opistosoma.
106
Subphylum myriapoda are identified by their
Jawlike mandibles, one pair of antennae, pair of compound eyes
107
What subphylum does class Diplopoda belong to?
Myriapoda
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Class Chilopoda belongs to the subphylum
Myriapoda
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How many sets of legs do millipedes have per segment?
2 Diplopoda.
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How many pairs of legs per segment do centipedes have?
One. Chilopoda
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Subphylum Hexapoda consists of what class
Insecta.
112
Name the subphyla in the phylum Arthropoda
Myriapoda, Hexapoda, chelicerata, Crustacea
113
How many classes are in the subphylum Crustacea?
None
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Crustaceans' exoskeleton is formed by
Calcium carbonate
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Clasping legs in crustaceans belong to what gender?
Males
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Phylum Echinodermata have what type of body cavity
Coelomates
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Echinoderms are the only invertebrates that are
Deuterostomes.
118
Class Asteroidea contain
Sea stars. Starfish.
119
What type of symmetry do members of class Asteroidea exhibit in their adult form?
Pentaradial
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Why are sea stars considered to be bilateral?
Because their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical.
121
What class do brittle stars belong to?
Ophiuroidea
122
What is a test?
A leftover shell
123
Members of class Echinoidea are
Sea urchins and sand dollars.
124
What does Crinoidea mean?
A lily
125
Sea lilies and feather stars belong to what class?
Crinoidea
