Chapter 44&45, 46

Question 0

What is semelparity

Answer 0

Species that reproduce a single time and then die.

Question 1

What is population ecology

Answer 1

The study of biological factors that affect the sizes of populations.

Question 2

What is iteroparity

Answer 2

Species that produce offspring repeatedly over time.

Question 3

What is community ecology?

Answer 3

The study of an assemblage of populations of various species living close enough for potential interaction.

Question 4

What are types of a communities interactions

Answer 4

Competition, predation, herbivory, symbiosis and disease.

Question 5

What is the ecological niche

Answer 5

The total of an organism’s use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment.

Question 6

What is interspecific competition

Answer 6

When species compete for a resource that is in short supply

Question 7

What is the competitive exclusion principle

Answer 7

Two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place.

Question 8

What is resource partitioning

Answer 8

Differentiation of niches that enable similar species to coexist in a community.

Question 9

What would cause a species’ fundamental niche to be different from its realized niche

Answer 9

Competition.

Question 10

What is an ecosystem

Answer 10

The biotic community of organisms in an area plus the abiotic environment affecting the community.

Question 11

Ecosystems ecology is concerned with the ___

Answer 11

Movement of energy and materials through organisms and their communities.

Question 12

What is a trophic level

Answer 12

A feeding level in a chain.

Question 13

What forms the base of the food chain

Answer 13

Primary producers.

Question 14

What are detritivores?

Answer 14

Decomposers.

Question 15

What does chain length refer to

Answer 15

The number of links between the trophic levels involved.

Question 16

What does the second law of thermodynamics say

Answer 16

Energy conversions are not 100% efficient and some energy is lost in the transfer.

Question 17

How does the pyramid of numbers work

Answer 17

Number of individuals decreases at each trophic level. Or can be inverted.

Question 18

Describe DDT’s solubility

Answer 18

Low in water, high in fats.

Question 19

What is the gross primary productivity

Answer 19

The amount of carbon fixed during photosynthesis.

Question 20

R= what

Answer 20

energy lost in plant cellular respiration.

Question 21

What is the Net primary productivity

Answer 21

The GPP-R. Gross primary productivity - energy lost in respiration. THe amount of energy available to primary consumers. Measured in calories.

Question 22

What is secondary production

Answer 22

A gain in the biomass of heterotrophs and decomposers.

Question 23

What is Liebig’s law of the minimum.

Answer 23

Species biomass or abundance is limited by the scarcest factor.

Question 24

In terrestrial systems, what three things affect primary production.

Answer 24

Precipitation, temperature, nutrients.

Question 25

In aquatic ecosystems, primary productivity is mainly limited by what

Answer 25

Light and nutrient availability.

Question 26

Where is primary productivity the highest

Answer 26

In tropical rainforests.

Question 27

Why are coral reefs high in marine production

Answer 27

Temperature and light are high.

Question 28

The absorption of chemicals by living organisms and their subsequent release back into the environment is

Answer 28

Biological Transport Mechanisms.

Question 29

Weathering and erosion of rocks, and elements transported by surface and subsurface drainage is the

Answer 29

Geological transport mechanisms.

Question 30

Dissolved matter in rain and snow, atmospheric gases, and dust blown by the wind

Answer 30

Chemical transport mechanisms.

Question 31

Where is the main amount of phosphorus located

Answer 31

The earth's crust.

Question 32

How is phosphorus released into the soil

Answer 32

Weathering and erosion of rocks.

Question 33

What is the limiting element in most aquatic systems.

Answer 33

Phosphorus.

Question 34

What is eutrophication.

Answer 34

Elevated nutrient levels lead to an overgrowth of algae and depletion of water oxygen levels.

Question 35

How much of the earth's CO2 is removed by plants

Answer 35

1/7

Question 36

What are limestone deposits formed from

Answer 36

Carbon incorporated into shells of marine organisms.

Question 37

What do volcanoes and hot springs release

Answer 37

Carbon

Question 38

What makes up 78% of the earth's atmosphere

Answer 38

Nitrogen. N2

Question 39

Why is nitrogen a limiting nutrient.

Answer 39

It is an essential component of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophyll.

Question 40

What are the five parts to the nitrogen cycle

Answer 40

Nitrogen fixation, Nitrification, Assimilation, Ammonification, Denitrification.

Question 41

How is acid rain formed.

Answer 41

Burning fossil fuels that releases nitrogen oxides.