Chapter 25 Vocab

Question 1

Alexander II

Answer 1

r. 1955-81, Emperor of Russia. Advocated moderate reforms for Russia, emancipated the serfs. He was assassinated

Question 2

Augsleich

Answer 2

1867. Refers to the compromise of 1867 which created the dual monarchy of Austria and Hungary

Question 3

“Blood and Iron”

Answer 3

Refers to Prussian tactics brought about by Otto Von Bismarck. Bismarck’s unification of Germany was through a policy of “Blood and Iron”

Question 4

Bundesrat

Answer 4

The federal council of Austrian government

Question 5

Carbonari

Answer 5

A secret society. Designated to overthrow Bonapartist rulers. They were liberal patriots.

Question 6

Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 6

Monarch rules with limitations by the constitution; written or unwritten

Question 7

Count Camillo di Cavour

Answer 7

Endorsed the economic doctrines of the middle class. Worked for a secret alliance with Napoleon III against Austria. Worked to unite Italy

Question 8

Ems Dispatch

Answer 8

A message from William I of Prussia to Napoleon III which brought France into the Franco-Prussian war

Question 9

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 9

1870-71. War between France and Prussia. Seen as German victory as as a struggle of Darwinism. Led to Prussia being the most powerful European nation. Instigated by Bismarck. France seen as the aggressor.

Question 10

Frankfurt Assembly

Answer 10

1807-82. An italian radical who emerged as a powerful independent force in Italian politics. He planned to liberate the Two Kingdoms of Sicily.

Question 11

Giuseppe Mazzini

Answer 11

Italy idealistic patriot. Preached a centralized democratic republic based on universal suffrage and the will of the people.

Question 12

Grossdeutsch

Answer 12

Great German Party at the Frankfurt Assembly. “Big Germans.”

Question 13

Kleindeutsch

Answer 13

Little German Party at the Frankfurt Assembly. “Little Germans”.

Question 14

Liberalism

Answer 14

The base ideas off liberty and equality

Question 15

Louis Kossuth

Answer 15

Leader of the Hungarians. Demanded national autonomy with full liberties and universal suffrage in 1848

Question 16

Magyars

Answer 16

In 1867, the Hungarian nobility restored the constitution of 1848 and used it to dominate both the Magyars peasantry and the minority population

Question 17

Napoleon III

Answer 17

Original Napoleon’s nephew. Consolidated conservative government and the ideals of nationalism

Question 18

Nationalism

Answer 18

Pride in one’s nation, group, or traditions; a desire for independence

Question 19

Otto Von Bismarck

Answer 19

1815-1898. Prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of Germany under his rule

Question 20

Panslavism

Answer 20

A movement to promote the independence of Slav people. Roughly started with the Congress in Prague. Supported by Russia. Led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877

Question 21

Pogroms

Answer 21

Persecution of minorities, especially the Jews in Russia.

Question 22

Realpolitik

Answer 22

Political theory, advocated by Bismarck, that national success justifies any means possible. Very Machiavellian.

Question 23

Red Shirts

Answer 23

Volunteers in Garibaldi’s army

Question 24

Reichstag

Answer 24

Popularly elected parliament in Germany. Very little power.

Question 25

Risorgimento

Answer 25

Italian period of history from 1815 to 1850

Question 26

Russification

Answer 26

Policy imposing Russian customs and traditions on other people.

Question 27

Second Reform Bill

Answer 27

1867. conservatives and liberals trying to gain votes. Disraeli's conservatives extended the vote to almost 1 million more voters

Question 28

Syllabus of Errors

Answer 28

1864. Pope Pius IX denounced rationalism, socialism, and separation of church and state

Question 29

Treaty of Frankfurt

Answer 29

The end of the Franco-Prussian War. Alsace and Lorraine given to Germany

Question 30

Volksgeist

Answer 30

Idea created by J.G. Herder to identify the national character of Germany, byt soon passed to other countries.

Question 31

Zemstvos

Answer 31

Local assemblies in Russia

Question 32

Zollverein

Answer 32

Economic custom union of German States, founded in 1834 by Prussia. Eliminated internal tariffs.