chapter 26

Question 1

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

Answer 1

mineral

Question 2

the color of a mineral in powered form

Answer 2

streak

Question 3

when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

Answer 3

cleavage

Question 4

molten rock material inside earth

Answer 4

magma

Question 5

minerals that break unevenly

Answer 5

fracture

Question 6

the physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching

Answer 6

hardness

Question 7

a mineral is

Answer 7

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

Question 8

what are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth´s crust

Answer 8

oxygen and silicon

Question 9

what does inorganic mean

Answer 9

means that materials are not living

Question 10

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral

Answer 10

how it breaks, how hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has

Question 11

what are all of the ways to identify minerals

Answer 11

luster, streak, hardness, cleavage, fraction, atomic arrangement, and shape

Question 12

what are the two types of luster

Answer 12

metallic or nonmetallic

Question 13

how does metallic luster reflect light

Answer 13

very easily or like metal

Question 14

how does metallic luster reflect light

Answer 14

a glassy like shine or appear earthy or waxy

Question 15

how do you preform a streak test

Answer 15

rubbing it across an unglazed porcelain tile

Question 16

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

Answer 16

cleavage and fracture

Question 17

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral

Answer 17

mohs scale of hardness

Question 18

what is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness

Answer 18

1-10

Question 19

how many different crystal shape systems are there

Answer 19

6

Question 20

minerals grow from the

Answer 20

inside out

Question 21

what are the 3 ways minerals can form

Answer 21

hot water, molten rock, and evaporation

Question 22

what are the two mineral groups

Answer 22

silicates and non silicates

Question 23

which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust

Answer 23

silicate

Question 24

which element are silicates made up of

Answer 24

oxygen and silicon

Question 25

nonsilicates do not contain what element

Answer 25

silicon

Question 26

what mineral is used to make glass

Answer 26

quartz

Question 27

define rock

Answer 27

they contain minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass

Question 28

how are rocks identified

Answer 28

by their composition and texture

Question 29

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock

Answer 29

the size, shape, and arrangement of the rocks components

Question 30

where do intrusive igneous rocks form

Answer 30

from molten rock material that cools and crystallizes either undergrounf or on Earths surface

Question 31

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from

Answer 31

magma

Question 32

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

Answer 32

bowens reaction series

Question 33

what are the three types of magma

Answer 33

mafic, intermediate, felsic

Question 34

which magma type has low silica content

Answer 34

mafic

Question 35

which magma type has high silica content

Answer 35

felsic

Question 36

which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz

Answer 36

continental crust

Question 37

which type of crust has little to no crust

Answer 37

oceanic and deep continental crust

Question 38

which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture

Answer 38

intrusive

Question 39

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly

Answer 39

quickly

Question 40

what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock

Answer 40

vesicular and porphyritic

Question 41

which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling

Answer 41

vesicular

Question 42

which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates

Answer 42

porphyritic

Question 43

what type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture (specifically)

Answer 43

pumice

Question 44

define clast

Answer 44

small rock and mineral fragments

Question 45

what types of erosion are rocks on Earth´s surface exposed to

Answer 45

water, wind, and other forces

Question 46

what does it mean if clasts are being transported

Answer 46

being moved from one location to another

Question 47

what does it mean if clasts are being deposited

Answer 47

its being dropped off

Question 48

define pore space

Answer 48

the empty space between grains

Question 49

define compaction

Answer 49

when clasts stick together due to weight of overlying material

Question 50

how are sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 50

clasts will be present, they will be compacted, water flows through the pore spaces causing cementation

Question 51

what are another name for clasts

Answer 51

detritus

Question 52

what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts

Answer 52

detrital sedimentary rocks

Question 53

what is the decreasing size of clasts

Answer 53

gravel, sand, slit, or clay

Question 54

what clast size would be deposited first

Answer 54

gravel(the heaviest material)

Question 55

what are four common detrital sedimentary rocks

Answer 55

conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale

Question 56

how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 56

form from water that contain dissolved solids, minerals crystals precipitate out of a solution through evaporation

Question 57

if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called

Answer 57

biochemical sedimentary rocks

Question 58

what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 58

limestone and cole

Question 59

what are three types of sedimentary rock

Answer 59

biochemical, chemical, detrital

Question 60

define cementation

Answer 60

when minerals precipitate slowly out a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts

Question 61

metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things

Answer 61

heat, pressure, and chemical reactions

Question 62

which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism

Answer 62

igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks

Question 63

what is it called when metamorphic changes in rock occur over large areas

Answer 63

regional metamorphism

Question 64

what is it called when metamorphic changes in rock occur over small changes

Answer 64

contact metamorphism

Question 65

when shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created

Answer 65

slate

Question 66

what are the two types of metamorphic rock textures

Answer 66

foliated and nonfolitaed

Question 67

define foliated texture

Answer 67

have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands

Question 68

define nonfoliated texture

Answer 68

have crystals eith more random orientations

Question 69

metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things

Answer 69

texture and composition

Question 70

define rock cycle

Answer 70

the continual changing or rocks from one type to another

Question 71

which type of rocks are part of the rock cycle

Answer 71

sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic

Question 72

which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle

Answer 72

sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic

Question 73

what are 3 types of rocks

Answer 73

sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic

Question 74

which type of rocks form from molten rock

Answer 74

igneous

Question 75

which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter

Answer 75

sedimentary

Question 76

which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions

Answer 76

metamorphic

Question 77

what can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock

Answer 77

minerals