CHAPTER 26 Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
what are some soft tissues?
A
skin, fatty tissues, muscles, blood vessels, fibrous tissues, nerves, glands, and membranes
2
Q
true or false: skin filters air?
A
false
3
Q
what are the 5 things that skin does for our body
A
protects, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, shock absorption
4
Q
_____ is a closed wound that is a bruise
A
contusion
5
Q
_____ is a closed wound that is a collection of blood it causes more tissue damage than a contusion and it involves bigger blood vessels
A
hematoma
6
Q
these injuries have excessive force crushing or rupturing internal organs ( spleen )
A
closed crush injuries
7
Q
blood collected at a injury site?
A
hematoma
8
Q
_____ is the bruising that can be associated to a contusion or other injury ( this is the actually injury itself where a contusion is the bruising )
A
ecchymosis
9
Q
when you get a _____ bruise it usually means internal bleeding or injury
A
ecchymosis
10
Q
when assessing a closed wound injury you have to look at the _____because bruising might not can be seen on scene
A
MOI
11
Q
if someone had severe blunt trauma you would assume _____
A
internal bleeding
12
Q
when treating closed wound injuries you:
A
take standard precautions, manage ABC’s, always manage for internal bleeding and shock if there is a possibility of internal bleeding, splint extremities that are swollen, painful and deformed, stay alert for vomiting, monitor patient and transport
13
Q
this is when your guts are hanging out
A
eviseration
14
Q
this is a surgical cut
A
laceration
15
Q
examples of open wounds are:
A
abrasion, laceration, puncture, avulsion, amputation, crush injury ( closed or open ), blast injury
16
Q
a ____ is when the skin is hanging on in place
A
avulsion
17
Q
when treating open wounds:
A
expose wound, clean surface of wound leaving small stuff on it, control bleeding, care for shock, prevent further contamination, bandage dressings in place after bleeding is controlled, keep patient still, reassure patient its going to be okay
18
Q
treating abrasions and lacerations:
A
reduce wound contamination, apply direct pressure to control bleeding, always check a distal pulse and pms distal to injury ( beyond injury )
19
Q
treatment of puncture wounds:
A
use caution objects may be embedded deeper than they look, check for exit wounds, assess need for shock, follow local protocols regarding spinal immobilization
20
Q
treating penetrating wounds:
A
use caution as objects may be embedded deeper than they appear, check for exit wounds
21
Q
treating impaled objects:
A
do not remove, expose wounds, control profuse bleeding by direct pressure, apply several layers of bulky dressings to splint object in place, secure dressings, treat for shock, rapid transport
22
Q
impaled object in the cheek:
A
take care that object does not enter oral cavity causing airway obstruction, bleeding into the mouth and throat can cause vomiting and nausea, if you can’t control flow of blood into airway then you’ll have to remove it
23
Q
treating objects impaled into cheek:
A
examine wound site both inside and outside of mouth, stabilize in place unless interfering with airway, position patient to allow for drainage, monitor patients airway, dress outside of wound, provide oxygen, care for shock
24
Q
puncture wound or impaled object in the eye:
A
stabilize the object, apply rigid protection, treat for shock, hive oxygen, reassure patient, dress and bandage uninjured eye
25
treating avulsions:
clean wound surface, fold skin back into normal position, control bleeding and dress with bulky dressings, if avulsed parts are completely torn away save in sterile dressing and keep moist with sterile saline
26
treating amputations:
take steps to control hemorrhage immediately, may need a tourniquet either way apply direct pressure, if the part can be transported wrap it in sterile gauze ( dry) and put it in a ziplock bag over ice don't let item get wet, if still bleeding apply pressure dressing over stump, use pressure points to control bleeding use tourniquet as needed, try and splint
27
treating genital injury :
control bleeding, preserve parts if you can, consider if injury suggest another possibly more serious, have a calm professional manner, maintain patients dignity, dress and bandage wound
28
burns:
may involve more than just skin level structures, burns may affect the patient long term, don't let a burn distract you from a serious life threatening injury, if respiratory structures are affected swelling may occur causing life threatening obstruction
29
a ____ burn is like a sunburn
superficial
30
____ burns are recognized by their blisters and are very painful
partial thickness burns
31
these burns are chalky, black in color, layers of the skin are burned off, your nerves are burnt off also
full thickness burns
32
the most painful burn is a ___ burn
partial thickness
33
when classifying burns we look at what?
agent and source, depth, and severity how bad it is
34
____ burns involve only the epidermis you have reddening with minor swelling
superficial
35
____ burns burn the epidermis and dermis, there is intense pain, blisters and mottling and reddening
partial thickness burn
36
____ burns all the layers of the skin are burned, blackened areas surrounded by dry and white patches
full thickness burns
37
we use this to determine a burn severity it helps estimate the burn extent, the adult body is divided into 11 parts, each part represents 9% of body surface
rule of nines
38
what are some things we look at when determining a burn severity:
agent and source, body regions burned, depth of burn, extent of burn, age of patient, other illness and injuries
39
burns must be classified to determine what:
order and type of care, order of transport, maximum information to provide to emergency department
40
this is a method we use to determine a burn severity its when you use the patients palm as 1%
palmar method
41
geriatric and pediatric burns:
minor burn areas in a young adult can be fatal to a geriatric adult
42
geriatric and pediatric burns:
infants and children have a much greater relationship of body surface are to total body size resulting in greater fluid and heat loss from burned skin
43
suspect an airway burn if:
you see swelling of the face or throat, singed nasal or facial hairs, black flecks in the septum, burns to face, raspy voice, respiratory distress, sooty smell to breath
44
treating thermal burns:
stop burning process and cool it running water on it, use sterile dry dressings, ensure an open airway and assess breathing, never apply ointments, butters and sprays, do not break blisters, treat for shock
45
we loss ____ % of our body heat when we are wet
25
46
treating chemical burns:
wash away chemical with a continuing flow of water, remove contaminated clothing, apply dry sterile dressings, treat for shock, transport, if dry chemical is brushed off then flush with water
47
what kind of dressing do you use to treat a thermal burn
dry sterile dressing
48
______ burns are exposure to high levels of radiation which can harm the body both immediately and later on
radiological burns
49
_____ burns are extremely harmful, most will present like thermal injuries, see patients only after they have been decontaminated
radiological burns
50
these are injuries to the nerve pathways, you will usually see an exit and entry, bones may fracture from violent muscle contractions, respiratory/ cardiac arrest are possible
electrical injuries
51
treating electrical injuries :
provide airway care, be alert and prepared for cardiac rhythm changes be ready to defibrillate, care for spinal and head injuries as well as extremity fractures, evaluate burn sites, cool burn areas and apply dry sterile dressings
52
a _____ goes on a wound
dressing
53
a _____ holds the gauze in place it goes around it
bandage
54
any material applied to the wound to control bleeding and prevent contamination
dressing
55
any material used to hold dressing in place
bandage
56
when dressing an open wound:
expose wound, completely cover wound area, dressings should not be removed unless bulky dressings are blood soaked and new one must be applied to maintain pressure, control bleeding by direct pressure or pressure dressing
57
bandaging an open wound:
do not bandage too tightly or too loosely, do not leave loose ends hanging tuck them in, do not cover finger tips or toes because you need to check for circulation
58
a ____ dressing os available for profuse bleeding, large wound this is pretty thick and big to cover a large area
universal dressing
59
a ____ dressing is used to control bleeding
pressure
60
_____ dressings form a airtight seal, use these on wounds to the neck, chest and eviscerations or wounds to the abdomen
occlusive dressings
61
patient care in dressing an open wound:
take standard precautions, expose wound, use sterile or clean material, cover entire wound, control bleeding by direct pressure and hemostatic agents or dressings, do not remove dressings
62
patient care bandaging open wounds:
dont bandage to tightly or loosely, do not leave loose ends, do not cover finger tips or toes, cover all edges of dressing
63
you must keep a ___ patient warm
burned
64
in a ___ injury you will most likely see a respiratory distress
electrical
65
in a skin tissue injury an open or closed wound means if the skin is ___ or not
broken
66
_____ are considered hard tissues
teeth, bones and cartilage
67
_____ is the largest organ of the body
skin
68
the skin protects against debris and unwanted _____
chemicals
69
during temperature regulation _____ can dilate or constrict to regulate our body heat
blood vessels
70
during _____ salts, carbon dioxide, and excess water can be released through our skin
excretion
71
during _____ the skin helps protect the underlying organs from minor impacts and pressure
shock absorption
72
the 3 layers of skin are:
epidermis , dermis and subcutaneous layer
73
what layer of the skin is composed of dead cells and has no blood vessels or nerves
epidermis
74
this layer of skin has lots of blood vessels , nerves and sweat glands, oil glands and hair follicles
dermis layer
75
this layer of skin has shock absorption and insulation
subcutaneous
76
this is the layer of skin that has layers of fats and tissues
subcutaneous
77
an internal injury with no open pathway from the outside
closed wound injury
78
a____ is the most common closed wound injury
contusion
79
as much as a _____ of blood can be accumulated in a hematoma
liter
80
in a closed crush injury the liver and spleen bleed a lot which may cause ____ in a person
shock
81
digested food or urine can leak into the body cavities causing severe ____ and ____ in a closed crush injury
inflammation and tissue damage
82
the potential for____ internal damage from a blast trauma is much higher
massive
83
the most common closed injuries associated with blast trauma are the rupture of ____ organs
hollow
84
this injuries will not be evident just by viewing the external surface of the skin they must be anticipated based on the type of force that caused them
blast
85
_____ damage can be demonstrated by bleeding from the ears and nose, vagina, rectum and bloody urine
internal
86
patients will a significant MOI should be considered to have internal bleeding and ____
shock
87
you must rely on your ___ when identifying a closed crush injury
MOI
88
when you have swelling or deformity at the site of the contusion this could indicate an underlying _____
fracture
89
when you have bruising on the head or neck this could indicate injury to the _____ or _____
cervical spine or brain
90
bruising on the trunk or signs of sternum or rib damage could indicate what
chest injury
91
bruising on the abdomen could indicate?
injury to underlying organs such as the spleen, liver and kidneys
92
if someone is coughing up frothy red blood this could indicate?
punctured lung
93
an injury in which the skin is interrupted exposing the tissue beneath
open wound
94
a scratch or scrape
abrasion
95
examples of abrasions are:
skinned elbows, road rash, mat burns, rug burns, brush burns
96
lacerations can be caused by:
razor blade, broken glass, and with a sharp edge
97
am open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlying tissues.
puncture wound
98
a ___ puncture would be shallow or deep
penetrating
99
a _____ wound has both a entrance and an exit wound
perforating wound
100
examples of puncture wounds are:
bullets, nails, ice picks, splinters, or knives
101
the most significant damage from a penetrating trauma will occur in the structures ____ the skin
beneath
102
the tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of the skin or tissue
avulsion
103
a ____ avulsion occurs when the hand is caught in a roller
degloving avulsion
104
an eye out of socket is also called a ____
avulsion
105
the surgical removal or traumatic severing of a body part usually an extremity
amputation
106
emt treatment for high pressure injuries include:
elevating and splinting the limb
107
in a high pressure injury do not apply cold, this can cause____ and can lead to further tissue damage and death
vasoconstriction
108
in the primary assessment of a open wound what takes place?
assess ABC's and control severe bleeding
109
treatment for moderate or serious puncture wounds:
reassure patient, search for additional penetrations including exit wounds, control bleeding, provide adequate wound treatment, assess the need for basic life support, care for shock, give oxygen, follow protocols on spinal immobilization, transport
110
you _____ dressings for a puncture wound to the eye with no impaled object
loose
111
when treating avulsions place _____ dressings on injury
large bulky pressure
112
in treating avulsions if the skin has been torn and is flapping you should:
clean the wound surface, fold the skin back to its normal position, control bleeding and dress the wound using bulky pressure dressings
113
in treating avulsions that skin or another body part is torn off you should:
control bleeding, dress wound with bulky pressure dressing, save the part if you can in a sterile dressing kept moist
114
treating an amputation:
apply direct pressure first use a tourniquet if direct pressure fails or if direct pressure is not possible
115
blood at the meatus of the genitals might indicate a _____ fracture
pelvic
116
these burns come from flames, radiation, excessive heat from fire, steam, hot liquids, and hot objects
thermal burns
117
these burns come from various acids, bases and caustics
chemical burns
118
these are alternating current, direct current and lightening burns
electrical burns
119
burns usually from nuclear sources, and uv light
radiological burns
120
a burn that involves only the epidermis it is characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling
superficial burn
121
a 1st degree burn
superficial burn
122
when the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged but the burn does not pass underlying tissues
partial thickness burns
123
a 2nd degree burn
partial thickness burn
124
a burn in which all layers of skin are burned usually u see charred black ares
full thickness burns
125
3rd degree burns
full thickness burns
126
in a full thickness burn the patient may not feel no pain why?
because all the nerves might be burned
127
burns that encircle the body or a body part are called____ burns
circumferential
128
minor burns:
full thickness burns less than 2% of body surface excluding the face, hands, feet and genitalia and respiratory tract...partial thickness burns of less than 15% of body surface .....superficial burns of 50% of body surface
129
burns that are usually classified as moderate are critical in adults over ___ yrs old
55
130
children 5 and under:
minor burn- less than 10% burned......moderate burn 10-20% burned....critical burn more than 20% burned
131
care for thermal burns:
stop the burning process, ensure an open airway, look for airway injury, complete primary assessment, treat for shock, evaluate burns by depth, do not clear small debris, wrap with dry sterile dressing, remove jewelry, separate fingers and toes
132
in a 1st degree burn or superficial burn:
red, painful no blisters just the outside layer burned
133
in a 2nd degree burn partial thickness:
outer layer and 2nd layer burned, deep red, painful, and you will have blisters
134
in a 3rd degree burn full thickness burn
outer layer burn, 2nd layer burn, tissue damage, charred black or white, not painful, and no blisters
135
if you have a chemical burn to the eyes flush the burn for _____ mins
20
136
during a chemical burn flush the skin with flowing water for ___ mins
20
137
chemical burns to the eye:
flood eyes with water, keep water flowing into the eye, transport continue washing eye for 20 mins, cover both eyes with moist pads, if he starts complaining again wash eyes for 5 more mins
138
a patient of a electrical injury may have:
burns where the energy enters and exits the body, disrupted nerve pathways displaying paralysis, muscle tenderness, respiratory difficulty, irregular heartbeat or cardiac arrest, increased bp or low bp, signs of shock, restlessness or irritability, vision problems
