Chapter 27 Flashcards
The nurse is conducting a well-child examination of a 5-year-old girl, who was 40
inches tall at her last examination at age 4. Which of the following height measurements would be within the normal range of growth expected for a preschooler?
A) 41 inches
B) 43 inches
C) 45 inches
D) 47 inches
B) 43 inches
The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturations of the child’s organs during the preschool years and their effect on body functions. Which of the following statements accurately describe these changes? Select all answers that apply.
A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete
in most children by age 3 years.
B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli
continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age.
C) Heart rate increases and blood pressure decreases slightly during the preschool
years; an innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation.
D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen
and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature.
E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually
occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler.
F) The urethra remains long in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to
urinary tract infections than adults.
A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete
in most children by age 3 years.
B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli
continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age.D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen
and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature.
E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually
occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler.
The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a preschooler. Which of the
following are normal activities characteristic of the preschooler? Select all answers that
apply.
A) Plans activities and makes up games
B) Initiates activities with others
C) Acts out roles of other people
D) Engages in parallel play with peers
E) Classifies or groups objects by their common elements
F) Understands relationships among objects
A) Plans activities and makes up games
B) Initiates activities with others
C) Acts out roles of other people
The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl posttonsillectomy. The girl looks out the
window and tells the nurse that it is raining and says, “The sky is crying because it is
sad that my throat hurts.” The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating which
mental process?
A) Magical thinking
B) Centration
C) Transduction
D) Animism
A) Magical thinking
The parents of a 4-year-old ask the nurse when their child will be able to differentiate
right from wrong and develop morals. What would be the best response of the nurse?
A) “The preschooler has no sense of right and wrong.”
B) “The preschooler is developing a conscience.”
C) “The preschooler sees morality as internal to self.”
D) “The preschooler’s morals are their own, right or wrong.”
B) “The preschooler is developing a conscience.”
Which activity would the nurse least likely include as exemplifying the preconceptual
phase of Piaget’s preoperational stage?
A) Displays of animism
B) Use of active imaginations
C) Understanding of opposites
D) Beginning questioning of parents’ values
D) Beginning questioning of parents’ values
The nurse is assessing the motor skills of a 5-year-old girl. Which finding would cause the nurse to be concerned?
A) Can copy a square on another piece of paper
B) Can dress and undress herself without help
C) Draws a person with three body parts
D) Is beginning to tie her own shoelaces
C) Draws a person with three body parts
The school nurse is helping parents choose books for their preschoolers. What literacy skills present in the preschooler would the nurse consider when making choices? Select all answers that apply.
A) Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories.
B) Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention.
C) Preschoolers like stories that describe experiences different from their own.
D) Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of
books.
E) Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask
questions about the story.
F) Preschoolers do not have enough focus and expanded attention to notice when a
page is skipped during reading
A) Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories.
B) Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention.
D) Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of
books.
E) Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask
questions about the story.
The parents of a preschooler ask the nurse to help them choose a preschool for their
child. Which of the following are recommended guidelines and goals for choosing a
preschool? Select all answers that apply.
A) The main goal of preschool is to improve reading and writing skills and readiness
for entering into grade school.
B) When selecting a preschool the parent may want to consider the accreditation of
the school and the teachers’ qualifications.
C) The teachers should decide how focused on curriculum the school should be for
each individual student.
D) The parent should observe the classroom, evaluating the environment, noise level,
and sanitary practices.
E) The type of discipline used in the school is also an important factor. Parents should
choose a preschool that uses corporal punishment.
F) The parent should observe the classroom to determine how the children interact
with each other and how the teachers interact with the children
B) When selecting a preschool the parent may want to consider the accreditation of
the school and the teachers’ qualifications.
D) The parent should observe the classroom, evaluating the environment, noise level,
and sanitary practices.
F) The parent should observe the classroom to determine how the children interact
with each other and how the teachers interact with the children
The mother of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that her son occasionally wets his pants
during the day. How should the nurse respond?
A) “Is there a family history of diabetes?”
B) “Suddenly having accidents can be a sign of diabetes.”
C) “That’s normal; don’t worry about it.”
D) “Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs.”
D) “Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs.”
The nurse is explaining to parents that the preschooler’s developmental task is focused
on the development of initiative rather than guilt. Which of the following is a priority intervention the nurse might recommend for parents of preschoolers to stimulate
initiative?
A) Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem.
B) Change the routine of the preschooler often to stimulate initiative.
C) Do not set limits on the preschooler’s behavior as this results in low self-esteem.
D) As a parent, decide how and with whom the child will play.
A) Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem.
The parents of a 5-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son is having frequent episodes of night terrors. Which of the following statements would indicate that the boy is having
nightmares instead of night terrors?
A) “It usually happens about an hour after he falls asleep.”
B) “He will tell us about what happened in his dream.”
C) “He is completely unaware that we are there.”
D) “When we try to comfort him, he screams even more.”
B) “He will tell us about what happened in his dream.”
The mother of a 5-year-old boy calls the nurse and seeks advice on how to assist the
child with the recent death of his paternal grandfather. The boy keeps asking when his
grandpa is coming back. How should the nurse respond?
A) “It is best to just ignore this and to not respond to his questions.”
B) “This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death.”
C) “You have to keep repeating that his grandfather is never coming back.”
D) “He will eventually figure this out on his own.”
B) “This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death.”
The nurse is developing a nursing care plan for a hospitalized 6-year-old. Which of the
following behaviors would warrant nursing intervention?
A) The child pretends he is talking to an imaginary friend when the nurse addresses
the child.
B) The child states that her fairy godmother is going to come and take her home.
C) The child starts talking about his grandmother and then quickly changes the subject
to a new toy he received.
D) The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward.
D) The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward.
The nurse is caring for preschoolers in a day care center. Of which of the following developmental milestones of this age group should the nurse be aware? Select all answers that apply.
A) Counting 10 or more objects
B) Correctly naming at least four colors
C) Understanding the concept of time
D) Knowing everyday objects
E) Understanding the differences of others
F) Forming concepts as logical as an adult’s
A) Counting 10 or more objects
B) Correctly naming at least four colors
C) Understanding the concept of time
D) Knowing everyday objects
When observing a group of preschoolers at play in the clinic waiting room, which type of play would the nurse be least likely to note? A) Counting 10 or more objects B) Cooperative play C) Dramatic play D) Fantasy play
A) Counting 10 or more objects
The nurse is supervising lunch time for children on a pediatric ward. Which of the
following observations is considered abnormal for this age group?
A) The child has a full set of primary teeth.
B) The child has no difficulty chewing and swallowing meat.
C) The child uses his fingers and refuses to use a fork.
D) The child is a picky eater.
C) The child uses his fingers and refuses to use a fork.
The nurse of a preschool child is helping parents develop a healthy meal plan for their
child. Which of the following nutritional requirements for this age group should the
nurse consider?
A) The 3- to 5-year-old requires 300 to 500 mg calcium and 10 mg iron daily.
B) The 3-year-old should consume 10 mg dietary fiber daily.
C) The 4- to 8-year-old requires 15 mg dietary fiber per day.
D) The typical preschooler requires about 85 kcal/kg of body weight.
D) The typical preschooler requires about 85 kcal/kg of body weight.
The parents of a 4-year-old who is a picky eater ask the nurse what foods to include in
their child’s diet to provide adequate iron consumption. Which of the following foods
would the nurse recommend?
A) Cooked lentils
B) Whole milk
C) Oranges
D) Sweet potatoes
A) Cooked lentils
The nurse is counseling parents of a picky eater on how to promote healthy eating habits
in their child. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate advice?
A) Allow the child to pick out his or her own foods for meals.
B) Present the food matter-of-factly and allow the child to choose what to eat.
C) Offer high-fat snacks if the child does not eat to get him or her to eat something.
D) Offer the child a special treat if he or she eats all the food on the plate.
B) Present the food matter-of-factly and allow the child to choose what to eat.
Which food suggestion would be most appropriate for the mother of a preschooler to ensure an adequate intake of calcium? A) Spinach B) White beans C) Enriched bread D) Fortified cereal
B) White beans
The nurse is providing teaching about accidental poisoning to the family of a 3-year-old. The nurse understands that a child of this age is at increased risk of accidental ingestion
due to which sensory alteration?
A) A less discriminating sense of taste
B) A lack of fully developed hearing
C) Visual acuity that has not fully developed
D) A less discriminating sense of touch
A) A less discriminating sense of taste
The nurse is conducting a well-child assessment for a 5-year-old boy in preparation for kindergarten. The boy’s grandmother is his primary caregiver because the boy’s mother has suffered from depression and substance abuse issues. The nurse understands that the
child is at increased risk for which developmental problem?
A) Lack of social and emotional readiness for school
B) Stuttering
C) Speech and language delays
D) Fine motor skills delay
A) Lack of social and emotional readiness for school
A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old girl. The mother says that the girl is afraid of cats and
dogs and does not like to go to the playground anymore because she wants to avoid the dogs that are often being walked at the park. What should the nurse tell the mother?
A) “It is best to avoid the playground until she outgrows the fear.”
B) “She needs to face her fears head-on; take her to the park as much as possible.”
C) “Acknowledge her fear and help her develop a strategy for dealing with it.”
D) “Try to minimize her fears and insist that she go to the park.”
C) “Acknowledge her fear and help her develop a strategy for dealing with it.”
