Chapter 27 Flashcards
(32 cards)
The sensation of thirst increases when
the levels of angiotensin II increase.
the osmolality of the blood decreases.
blood pressure increases.
renin secretion decreases.
the levels of angiotensin II increase.
Insensible perspiration
is lost through sweat glands.
results in heat loss from the body.
increases when ADH secretion increases.
results in the loss of solutes, such as Na+ and Cl−.
results in heat loss from the body.
The composition and volume of body fluids are regulated primarily by the
skin.
lungs.
kidneys.
heart.
spleen.
kidneys.
Which of these results in an increased blood Na+ concentration?
decrease in ADH secretion
decrease in aldosterone secretion
increase in ANH
decrease in renin secretion
decrease in ADH secretion
Which of these mechanisms is the most important for regulating blood osmolality?
ADH
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
ANH
PTH
ADH
A decrease in extracellular K+
produces depolarization of the plasma membrane.
results when aldosterone levels increase.
occurs when tissues are damaged (e.g., in burn patients).
increases ANH secretion.
increases PTH secretion.
results when aldosterone levels increase.
Calcium ion concentration in the blood decreases when
vitamin D levels are lower than normal.
calcitonin secretion decreases.
PTH secretion increases.
All of these are correct.
Answer
vitamin D levels are lower than normal.
Which of these conditions decreases extracellular fluid volume?
constriction of afferent arterioles
increased ADH secretion
decreased ANH secretion
decreased aldosterone secretion
stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the kidneys
decreased aldosterone secretion
An acid
is a solution that has a pH greater than 7.
is a substance that releases H+ into a solution.
is considered weak if it completely dissociates in water.
All of these are correct.
is a substance that releases H+ into a solution.
Buffers
release H+ when pH increases.
resist changes in the pH of a solution.
include the proteins of the blood.
All of these are correct.
All of these are correct.
An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ______ in H+ and a(n) ______ in blood pH.
increase, increase
increase, decrease
decrease, increase
decrease, decrease
increase, decrease
High levels of bicarbonate ions in the urine indicate
a low level of H+ secretion into the urine.
that the kidneys are causing blood pH to increase.
that urine pH is decreasing.
All of these are correct.
a low level of H+ secretion into the urine.
High levels of ammonium ions in the urine indicate
a high level of H+ secretion into the urine.
that the kidneys are causing blood pH to decrease.
that urine pH is too basic.
All of these are correct.
a high level of H+ secretion into the urine.
Blood plasma pH is normally
slightly acidic.
strongly acidic.
slightly basic.
strongly basic.
neutral.
slightly basic.(alkaline)
Acidosis
increases neuron excitability.
can produce tetany by affecting the peripheral nervous system.
may lead to coma.
may produce convulsions through the central nervous system.
may lead to coma.
Respiratory alkalosis is caused by _______ and can be compensated for by the production of a more _______ urine.
hypoventilation, basic
hypoventilation, acidic
hyperventilation, acidic
hyperventilation, basic
hyperventilation, basic
Harry ate a late meal at a cheap diner on the way home from work. A couple of hours later, he vomited three times, and then he con-sumed several packages of an antacid (mostly NaHCO3) over the next several hours. By the evening of the next day, he was feeling better. During this ordeal, his blood pH did not deviate significantly. Select the mechanism(s) that helped maintain Harry’s pH within a normal range.
(1) increased respiratory rate
(2) increased H+ secretion by the renal tubule
(3) decreased respiratory rate
(4) decreased H+ secretion by the renal tubule
1
2
1,2
3
3,4
3,4
(3) decreased respiratory rate
(4) decreased H+ secretion by the renal tubule
Select which of the following are major electrolytes.
Choose the correct option and select Submit. To check your answers, select Show Me. To move on to the next question, select the Forward arrow below.
Iron ions
Calcium ions
Chloride ions
Calcium ions
Chloride ions
Select which of the following are major electrolytes.
Choose the correct option and select Submit. To check your answers, select Show Me. To move on to the next question, select the Forward arrow below.
Phosphate ions
Hydroxyl ions
Fluoride ions
Sodium ions
Phosphate ions
Sodium ions
Select which of the following are major electrolytes.
Choose the correct options and select Submit.
Magnesium ions
Hydrogen ions
Sodium ions
Anaerobic
Magnesium ions
Hydrogen ions
Sodium ions
The fluid inside of the cell’s plasma membrane.
intracellular fluid
The fluid outside of the cell’s plasma membrane.
extracellular fluid
Water produced as a by-product of respiration and dehydration.
metabolic water
Water ingested from food and beverages.
preformed water
