Chapter 29

Question 1

The major development of organ systems takes place in
weeks 1 and 2 of development.
weeks 3–8 of development.
weeks 8–20 of development.
the last 30 weeks of development.

Answer 1

weeks 3–8 of development.

Question 2

Given these structures:
(1) blastocyst
(2) morula
(3) zygote
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order in which they form during development.
1,2,3
1,3,2
2,3,1
3,1,2
3,2,1

Answer 2

3,2,1

Question 3

The embryo proper develops from the
inner cell mass.
trophoblast.
blastocele.
yolk sac.

Answer 3

inner cell mass.

Question 4

The placenta
develops from the trophoblast.
allows maternal blood to mix with embryonic blood.
invades the lacunae of the embryo.
All of these are correct.

Answer 4

develops from the trophoblast.

Question 5

The embryonic disk
forms between the amniotic cavity and the yolk sac.
contains the primitive streak.
becomes a three-layered structure.
All of these are correct.

Answer 5

All of these are correct.

Question 6

The brain develops from
ectoderm.
endoderm.
mesoderm.

Answer 6

ectoderm.

Question 7

Most of the skeletal system develops from
ectoderm.
endoderm.
mesoderm.

Answer 7

mesoderm.

Question 8

The somites give rise to the
circulatory system.
skeletal muscle.
lungs.
kidneys.

Answer 8

skeletal muscle.

Question 9

The pericardial cavity forms from
evagination of the early digestive tract.
the neural tube.
the coelom.
the branchial arches.
pharyngeal pouches.

Answer 9

the coelom.

Question 10

Given these structures:
1. neural crest
2. neural plate
3. neural tube
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order in which they form during development.
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,3,2
C) 2,1,3
D) 2,3,1
E) 3,2,1

Answer 10

C) 2,1,3

Question 11

The parts of the limbs develop
in a proximal-to-distal sequence.
in a distal-to-proximal sequence.
at approximately the same time.
before the primitive streak is formed.

Answer 11

in a proximal-to-distal sequence.

Question 12

Concerning development of the face,
the face develops by the fusion of five embryonic structures.
the maxillary processes normally meet at the midline to form the lip.
the primary palate forms the roof of the mouth.
clefts of the secondary palate normally occur to one side of the midline

Answer 12

the face develops by the fusion of five embryonic structures.

Question 13

Concerning the development of the heart,
the heart develops from a single tube, which results from the fusion of two tubes.
the SA node develops in the wall of the sinus venosus.
the foramen ovale lets blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium.
the bulbus cordis is absorbed into the ventricle.
All of these are correct.

Answer 13

All of these are correct.

Question 14

Given these structures:
(1) mesonephros
(2) metanephros
(3) pronephros
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order in which they form during development.
1,2,3
1,3,2
2,3,1
3,1,2
3,2,1

Answer 14

3,1,2
pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

Question 15

A study of the early embryo indicates that the glans penis of the male develops from the same embryonic structure as which of these female structures?
A) labia majora
B) uterus
C) clitoris
D) vagina
E) urinary bladder

Answer 15

C) clitoris

Question 16

Which hormone causes differentiation of sex organs in the developing male fetus?
A) FSH and LH
B) LH and testosterone
C) testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
D) estrogen and progesterone
E) GnRH and FSH

Answer 16

C) testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

Question 17

The onset of labor may be a result of
increased estrogen secretion by the placenta.
increased glucocorticoid secretion by the fetus.
increased secretion of oxytocin.
stretch of the uterus.
All of these are correct.

Answer 17

All of these are correct.

Question 18

Following birth
the ductus arteriosus closes.
the pH of the stomach increases.
the fossa ovalis becomes the foramen ovale.
blood flow through the pulmonary arteries decreases.
All of these events occur.

Answer 18

the ductus arteriosus closes.

Question 19

The hormone involved in milk production is
oxytocin.
prolactin.
estrogen.
progesterone.
ACTH.

Answer 19

prolactin.

Question 20

Which of these life stages is correctly matched with the time it occurs?
neonate—birth to 1 month after birth
infant—1 month to 6 months
child—6 months to 5 years
puberty—10–12 years
middle age—20–40 years

Answer 20

neonate—birth to 1 month after birth

Question 21

Which of these occurs as we get older?
A) Neurons replicate to replace lost neurons.
B) Skeletal muscle cells replicate to replace lost muscle cells.
C) Cross-links between collagen molecules increase.
D) The immune system become less sensitive to the body’s own antigens.
E) Free radicals help to prevent cancer.

Answer 21

Cross-links between collagen molecules increase.

Question 22

A gene is
the functional unit of heredity.
a certain portion of a DNA molecule.
a part of a chromosome.
All of these are correct.

Answer 22

All of these are correct.

Question 23

Which of these does not contribute to genetic differences between gametes?
A) crossing-over
B) independent assortment
C) linkage
D) nondisjunction

Answer 23

linkage

Question 24

Which of these terms is correctly matched with its definition?
autosome—an X or a Y chromosome
phenotype—the genetic makeup of an individual
allele—variant form of a gene occupying the locus on a homologous chromosome
heterozygous—having two identical genes for a trait
recessive—a trait expressed when the genes are heterozygous

Answer 24

allele—variant form of a gene occupying the locus on a homologous chromosome

Question 25

Which of these genotypes is heterozygous? DD Dd dd Both a and c are correct.

Answer 25

Dd

Question 26

The AB blood type in the ABO blood group is an example of dominant versus recessive alleles. incomplete dominance. codominance. a polygenic trait. sex-linked inheritance.

Answer 26

codominance.

Question 27

Assume that a trait is determined by an X-linked dominant gene. If the mother exhibits the trait but the father does not, then their sons are more likely than their daughters to exhibit the trait. daughters are more likely than their sons to exhibit the trait. sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.

Answer 27

sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.

Question 28

Which of these could result in a congenital disorder? A) a parent has the same disorder B) a teratogen C) a mutagen D) all of the above

Answer 28

all of the above

Question 29

Select the conditions that would be present in a genetic male fetus having a mutation that causes the synthesis of an ineffective müllerian-inhibiting hormone. (1) Male internal reproductive structures develop. (2) Male internal reproductive structures do not develop. (3) Female internal reproductive structures develop. (4) Female internal reproductive structures do not develop. (5) Male external genitalia develop. (6) Female external genitalia develop. 2,4,6 1,3,5 1,2,6 2,3,5

Answer 29

1,3,5 (1) Male internal reproductive structures develop. (3) Female internal reproductive structures develop. (5) Male external genitalia develop.

Question 30

cells undergo mitosis

Answer 30

period of cleavage

Question 31

umbilical cord forms

Answer 31

embryonic stage

Question 32

ossification centers appear in bones

Answer 32

fetal stage

Question 33

the first week of pregnancy

Answer 33

period of cleavage

Question 34

main internal organs and external body structures appear

Answer 34

embryonic stage

Question 35

the ninth through thirty-eighth week

Answer 35

fetal stage

Question 36

fetus is covered with fine downy hair

Answer 36

fetal stage

Question 37

blastocyst implants itself in uterine wall

Answer 37

period of cleavage

Question 38

Waste is excreted and the body temperature begins to be regulated on its own.

Answer 38

neonatal period

Question 39

as the teeth begin to erupt, communication also begins

Answer 39

infancy

Question 40

as the person grows quickly, a high degree of muscular control is achieved

Answer 40

childhood

Question 41

Growth spurts occur in skeletal and muscular systems as intellectual abilities increase.

Answer 41

adolescence

Question 42

Anatomical and physiological changes do not occur as degenerative changes begin.

Answer 42

adulthood

Question 43

The body becomes less and less able to cope with the demands placed upon it.

Answer 43

senescence

Question 44

the semen ejaculated by the male’s penis.

Answer 44

sperm

Question 45

The movement of sperm to the uterine tube.

Answer 45

sperm migration

Question 46

A sperm cell.

Answer 46

spermatozoa

Question 47

The process that enables spermatozoa to penetrate and fertilize an ova.

Answer 47

capacitation

Question 48

An immature egg cell.

Answer 48

oocyte

Question 49

The process of cell division into two equal daughter cells, each with chromosomes identical to the original cell.

Answer 49

mitosis

Question 49

A developing human after the embryonic stage of prenatal development.

Answer 49

fetus

Question 50

An early stage of prenatal development that consists of a hollow ball of cells.

Answer 50

blastocyst

Question 51

An organ that attaches the fetus to the uterine wall and delivers nutrients to and removal of wastes from the fetus.

Answer 51

placenta

Question 52

A developing human in the first eight weeks of development.

Answer 52

embryo

Question 53

The fluid that surrounds the developing fetus.

Answer 53

amniotic fluid

Question 54

The soft and smooth hair that covers a fetus during the third time period of the fetal stage.

Answer 54

downy hair

Question 55

Increased resistance to blood flow

Answer 55

cardiovascular system

Question 56

Decreased movement in gastrointestinal tract

Answer 56

digestive system

Question 57

Decreased pigment production

Answer 57

integumentary system

Question 58

Increased susceptibility to infection and disease

Answer 58

lymphatic system

Question 59

Loss of muscle fiber

Answer 59

muscular system

Question 60

Decreased recall and memory skills

Answer 60

nervous system

Question 61

Loss of elastic fibers in lungs

Answer 61

respiratory system

Question 62

Reduced or decreased secretion of sex hormones

Answer 62

reproductive system

Question 63

Thinner and less dense bone structure

Answer 63

skeletal system

Question 64

Changes in kidneys function

Answer 64

urinary system

Question 65

Reduced hormonal secretions

Answer 65

endocrine system

Question 66

The study of heredity.

Answer 66

genetics

Question 67

The functional unit of heredity.

Answer 67

gene

Question 68

The rod-like structure of a cell that determines genetics.

Answer 68

chromosome

Question 69

The study of gene interaction in the human body.

Answer 69

genomics

Question 70

The strands of genetic material in a cell.

Answer 70

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 71

A protein catalyst that increases the rate at which a chemical reactions occurs; the enzyme remains unchanged during these reactions.

Answer 71

enzyme

Question 72

A substance secreted by an endocrine gland that promotes a specific response.

Answer 72

hormone

Question 73

A protein in the connective tissue and bones.

Answer 73

collagen

Question 74

All of the cells of the human body, excluding the gametes.

Answer 74

somatic cells

Question 75

The sex cells of the human body.

Answer 75

gametes

Question 76

Genes that occupy the same position on a chromosome.

Answer 76

alleles

Question 77

An immature egg cell.

Answer 77

oocyte

Question 78

The composition of extracellular fluid has little affect on intracellular fluid amounts. Select one: True False

Answer 78

False

Question 79

Meiosis I is a reduction division. Select one: True False

Answer 79

True

Question 80

The final products of the two meiotic divisions are four haploid daughter cells from an original diploid cell. Select one: True False

Answer 80

True

Question 81

Only cells of the testes or ovaries undergo meiosis, which produces four haploid (n) cells with 23 chromosomes each. Select one: True False

Answer 81

True

Question 82

A neonate who has a blue tint to her skin, has a pulse of less than 100 bpm, and has an irregular rate of breathing could score an APGAR score of 8. Select one: True False

Answer 82

False

Question 83

The major organ systems develop during the germinal prenatal period. Select one: True False

Answer 83

False

Question 84

An individual that is type AB is not likely to be the parent of an individual that is type O. Select one: True False

Answer 84

True