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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

Alveoli

A

(of the breast) milk-secreting cells in the mammary gland

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2
Q

Ampulla

A

(of the uterine tube) middle portion of the uterine tube in which fertilization often occurs

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3
Q

Antrum

A

Fluid-filled chamber that characterizes a mature tertiary (antral) follicle

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4
Q

Areola

A

Highly pigmented, circular area surrounding the raised nipple and containing areolar glands that secrete fluid important for lubrication during suckling

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5
Q

Bartholin’s glands / Greater Vestibular Glands

A

Glands that produce a thick mucus that maintains moisture in the vulva area; also referred to as the greater vestibular glands

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6
Q

Blood-testis Barrier

A

Tight junctions between Sertoli cells that prevent bloodborne pathogens from gaining access to later stages of spermatogenesis and prevent the potential for an autoimmune reaction to haploid sperm

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7
Q

Body of Uterus

A

Middle section of the uterus

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8
Q

Broad Ligament

A

Wide ligament that supports the uterus by attaching laterally to both sides of the uterus and pelvic wall

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9
Q

Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)

A

Glands that secrete a lubricating mucus that cleans and lubricates the urethra prior to and during ejaculation

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10
Q

Cervix

A

Elongate inferior end of the uterus where it connects to the vagina

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11
Q

Clitoris

A

Nerve-rich area of the vulva that contributes to sexual sensation during intercourse

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12
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

Nonfunctional structure remaining in the ovarian stroma following structural and functional regression of the corpus luteum

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13
Q

Corpus Cavernosum

A

Either of two columns or erectile tissue in the penis that fill with blood during an erection

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14
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Transformed follicle after ovulation that secretes progesterone

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15
Q

Corpus Spongiosum

A

Column of erectile tissue in the penis that fills with blood during an erection and surrounds the penile ue=rethra on the ventral portion of the penis

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16
Q

Ductus Deferens / Van Deferens

A

Duct that transports sperm from the epididymis through the spermatic cord and into the ejaculatory duct

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17
Q

Ejaculatory Duct

A

Duct that connects the ampulla of the ductus deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle at the prostatic urethra

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18
Q

Endometrium

A

Inner lining of the uterus, part of which builds up during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and then sheds with menses

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19
Q

Epididymis

A

Coiled tubular structure in which sperm start to mature and are stored until ejaculation

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20
Q

Fimbriae

A

Fingerlike projections on the distal uterine tubes

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21
Q

Follicle

A

Ovarian structure of one oocyte and surrounding granulosa (and later theca) cells

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22
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

Development of ovarian follicles from primordial to tertiary under the stimulation of gonadotropins

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23
Q

Fundus

A

Domed portion of the uterus that is superior to the uterine tubes

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24
Q

Gamete

A

Haploid reproductive cell that contributes genetic material to form an offspring

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25
Glans Penis
Bulbous end of the penis that contains a large number of the nerve endings
26
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Hormone released by the hypothalamus that regulates the production of follicle-stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone from the pituitary gland
27
Gonads
Reproductive organs (testes in men and ovaries in women) that produce gametes and reproductive hormones
28
Granulosa Cells
Supportive cells in the ovarian follicle that produce estrogen
29
Hymen
Membrane that covers part of the opening of the vagina
30
Infundibulum
wide, distal portion of the uterine tube terminating in fimbriae
31
Inguinal Canal
Opening in abdominal wall that connects the testes to the abdominal cavity
32
Isthmus
Narrow, medial portion of the uterine tube that joins the uterus
33
Labia Majora
Hair-covered fold of skin located behind the mons pubis
34
Labia Minora
Thin, pigmented, hairless flaps of skin located medial and deep in the labia majora
35
Lactiferous Ducts
Ducts that connect the mammary glands to the nipple and allow for the transportation of milk
36
Lactiferous Sinus
Area of milk connection between alveoli and lactiferous duct
37
Leydig Cells
Cells between the seminiferous tubules of the tetses that produce testosterone; and type of interstitial cell
38
Mammary Glands
Glands inside the breast that secrete milk
39
Menarche
First menstruation in a pubertal female
40
Menses / Menstruation
Shedding of the inner portion of the endometrium out through the vagina
41
Menses Phase
Phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrial lining is shed
42
Menstrual Cycle
Approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the uterus consisting of a menses phase, a proliferative phase, and a secretory phase
43
Mons Pubis
Mound of fatty tissue located at the front of the vulva
44
Müllerian Duct
Duct system present in the embryo that will eventually form the internal female reproductive structures
45
Myometrium
Smooth muscle layer of uterus that allows for uterine contractions during labor and expulsion of menstrual blood
46
Oocyte
Cell that results from the division of the oogonium and undergoes meiosis 1 at the LH surge and meiosis 2 at fertilization to become a haploid ovum
47
Oogenesis
Process by which oogonia divide by mitosis to primary oocytes, which undergo meiosis to produce the secondary oocyte and, upon fertilization, the ovum
48
Oogonia
Ovarian stem cells that undergo mitosis during female fetal development to form primary oocytes
49
Ovarian Cycle
Approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the ovary consisting of follicular phase and a luteal phase
50
Ovaries
Female gonads that produce oocytes and sex steroid hormones (estrogen & progesterone)
51
Ovulation
Release of a secondary oocyte and associated granulosa cells from an ovary
52
Ovum
Haploid female gamete resulting from completion of meiosis 2 at fertilization
53
Penis
Male organ of copulation
54
Perimetrium
Outer epithelial layer of uterine wall
55
Polar Body
Smaller cell produced during the process of neiosis in oogenesis
56
Prepuce / Foreskin
Flap of skin that forms a collar around, and thus protects and lubricates, the glans penis; also referred as the foreskin
57
Primary Follicles
Ovarian follicles with a primary oocyte and one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells
58
Primordial Follicles
Least developed ovarian follicles that consist of a single oocyte and a single layer of flat (squamous) granulosa cells
59
Proliferative Phase
Phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium proliferates
60
Prostate Gland
Doughnut-shaped gland at the base of the bladder surrounding the urethra and contributing fluid to semen during ejaculation
61
Puberty
Life stage during which a male or female adolescent becomes anatomically and physiologically capable of reproduction
62
Rugae
Folds of the skin in the vagina that allow it to stretch during intercourse and childbirth
63
Scrotum
External pouch of skin and muscle that houses the testes
64
Secondary Follicles
Ovarian follicles with a primary oocyte and multiple layers of granulosa cells
65
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Physical characteristics that are influenced by sex steroid hormones and have supporting roles in reproductive function
66
Secretory Phase
Phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium secretes a nutrient-rich fluid in preparation for implantation of an embryo
67
Semen
Ejaculatory fluid composed of sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
68
Seminal Vesicle
Gland that produces seminal fluid, which contributes to semen
69
Seminiferous tubules
Tube structures within the testes where spermatogenesis occurs
70
Sertoli Cells
Cells that support germ cells through the process of spermatogenesis; a type of sustentacular cell
71
Sperm
Male gamete
72
Spermatic Cord
Bundle of nerves and blood vessels that supplies the testes; contains ductus deferens
73
Spermatid
Immature sperm cells produced by meiosis 2 of secondary spermatocytes
74
Spermatocyte
Cell that results from the division of spermatogonium and undergoes meiosis 1 and 2 to form spermatids
75
Spermatogenesis
Formulation of new sperm, occurs in the seminiferoud tubules of the testes
76
Spermatogonia
Diploid precursor cells that become sperm
77
Spermiogenesis
Transformation of spermatids to spermatoza during spermatogenesis
78
Suspensory Ligaments
Bands of connective tissue that suspend the breast onto the chest wall by attachment to the overlying dermis
79
Tertiary / Antral Follicles
Ovarian follicles with a primary or secondary oocyte, multiple layers of granulosa cells, and a fully formed antrum
80
Testes
Male gonads
81
Theca Cells
Estrogen-producing cells in a maturing ovarian follicle
82
Uterine Tubes / Fallopian Tubes
Ducts that facilitate transport of an ovulated oocyte to the uterus
83
Uterus
Muscular hollow organ in which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus
84
Vagina
Tunnel-like organ that provides access to the uterus for the insertion of semen and from the uterus for the birth of a baby
85
Vulva
External female genitalia
86
Wolffian Duct
Duct system present in the embryo that will eventually form the internal male reproductive structures

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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