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Chapter Vocabulary > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

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0
Q

anemia

A

condition in which levels of hemoglobin in the red blood cells are insufficient; caused by decreased healthy red cell production by the bone marrow, increased erythrocyte destruction, or blood loss from heavy menstrual periods or internal bleeding

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1
Q

agglutination

A

clumping together

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2
Q

aneurysm

A

abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery, related to weakness in the vessel wall

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3
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical vessel repair procedure frequently used to reopen a blocked coronary artery

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4
Q

aorta

A

largest artery of the body into which blood enters after it leaves the left ventricle

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5
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat caused by a disturbance of normal electrical activity of the heart; pulse with an irregular rhythm

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6
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

a thickening and loss of elasticity of the arteries; also called hardening of the arteries

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7
Q

atherosclerosis

A

narrowing and hardening of the vessel lumen of the arteries due to a buildup of fatty material and plaque

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8
Q

atria

A

the two upper chambers of the heart (27)

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9
Q

atrioventricular (AV) node

A

one of the three areas of specialized neuromuscular tissue that initiate the heartbeat; located under the endocardium of the right atrium

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10
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within the body, such as heart sounds

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11
Q

bicuspid valve

A

the valve through which the blood leaves the left atrium of the heart; also called mitral valve

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12
Q

blood pressure

A

force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries

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13
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heart rate of below 60 beats per minute

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14
Q

bruit

A

sound made by a heart murmur

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15
Q

buffers

A

mechanisms within the blood that balance the pH level, thus preventing blood from becoming too acidic or too alkaline

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16
Q

bundle of His

A

one of the three areas of specialized neuromuscular tissue that initiate the heartbeat; also called atrioventricular (AV) bundle

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17
Q

cardiac arrest

A

stoppage of the beating of the heart; also called sudden death

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18
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

congestion of the heart muscle and restriction of heart movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in the pericardial sac

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19
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

collapse of the cardiovascular system characterized by vasodilation and fluid shifting away from the heart

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20
Q

carditis

A

inflammation of the heart

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21
Q

carotid artery

A

artery found on each side of the neck

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22
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

condition in which the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to the other organs; also called heart failure

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23
Q

coronary arteries

A

crown of arteries that supply the heart with freshly oxygenated blood

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24
coronary artery disease (CAD)
blockage of the arteries that supply the heart muscle; also called coronary heart disease (CHD)
25
cor pulmonale
heart disease that causes the right ventricle to enlarge as a result of primary lung disease; also called right-sided heart disease
26
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin and nail beds due to lack of oxygen in the tissues
27
diastolic blood pressure
lowest cuff pressure at which the Korotkoff sounds disappear, when the left ventricle of the heart relaxes
28
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
29
endocardium
innermost lining of the heart wall
30
erythrocytes
biconcave cells produced in the red bone marrow that are small enough to pass through capillaries and carry oxygen to the tissues and organs; also called red blood cells (RBCs)
31
heart
four-chambered muscular pump that circulates blood throughout the cardiovascular system
32
heart murmur
condition in which a damaged or diseased valve allows blood to escape and move backward through the valve
33
hemoglobin (Hgb)
iron-containing pigment of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body
34
hemophilia
hereditary deficiency of clotting factors
35
hemostasis
stoppage of bleeding as a result of the smooth muscle at the site of a break causing the vessel wall to contract, creating a spasm that reduces the amount of blood loss and initiating the attachment of platelets to the broken area and to each other, which forms a plug
36
hypertension (HTN)
condition in which blood pressure is consistently higher than 140/90 mmHg; also called high blood pressure
37
hypotension
condition in which blood pressure is consistently lower than 90/60 mmHg; also called low blood pressure
38
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues caused by ischemia and infarction
39
infarction
death of heart muscle
40
inferior vena cava
large vein that brings blood from below the heart to the atrium
41
ischemia
reduced blood flow to the heart
42
leukemia
malignant cancer of the bone marrow and blood, affecting the white blood cells
43
leukocytes
two types (phagocytes and lymphocytes) of larger blood cells that fight infection and thus contribute to homeostasis; also called white blood cells
44
mitral valve
the valve through which blood leaves the left atrium of the heart; also called bicuspid valve
45
myocardial infarction (MI)
condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the myocardium is severely reduced or stopped; also called heart attack
46
myocardium
middle muscular layer of the heart
47
occlusion
blockage
48
pericardium
outer lining of the heart wall
49
petechiae
tiny broken blood vessels on the surface of the skin
50
plasma
fluid portion of the blood; watery portion of the blood that contains blood cells
51
platelets
smallest cells in blood, formed in the red bone marrow; main function is to assist in the clotting of blood for wound healing; also called thrombocytes
52
prehypertension
in adults over 18 years old, blood pressure ranging from 120/80 to 139/89 mmHg, considered a precursor to hypertension
53
pulmonary artery
artery that transports blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
54
pulmonary vein
vein that transports freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
55
pulse pressure
difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
56
Purkinje fibers
specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles, responsible for relaying cardiac impulses to the cells of the ventricles, which then contract
57
RhoGAM
drug administered to a pregnant woman to inhibit the production of antibodies against the Rh antigen
58
septum
wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart
59
sinoatrial (SA) node
one of three areas of specialized neuromuscular tissue that initiate the heartbeat, located in the upper wall of the right atrium; also called pacemaker of the heart
60
sphygmomanometer
instrument used to measure blood pressure
61
stroke
result of a clot or hemorrhage in the brain blocking the blood supply and causing brain cells to die from a lack of oxygen
62
superior vena cava
large vein that transports blood from the head and upper chest to the heart
63
systolic blood pressure
upper number of blood pressure measurement indicative of the left ventricle of the heart contracting
64
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heart rate
65
thrombophlebitis
condition that occurs when a blood clot causes inflammation in one or more veins, typically those of the lower extremities
66
tricuspid valve
heart valve from the right atrium to the right ventricle
67
venipuncture
venipuncture | the process of cutting into or puncturing a vein, typically for the purpose of collecting blood samples for testing
68
ventricles
two lower pumping chambers of the heart

Chapter Vocabulary (8 decks)

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