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Foundations > Chapter 27 Asepsis and Infection Control > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Infection

A

a disease state that results from the presence of pathogens nor on the body

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2
Q

Pathogens

A

disease producing microorganisms

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3
Q

Bacteria

A

the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents in healthcare institutions

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4
Q

Categories of bacteria

A

spherical (cocci), rod shaped (bacilli), corkscrew shaped (spirochetes)
Gram positive or gram negative-based on reaction to gram stain
Aerobic or anaerobic-based on need for oxygen

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5
Q

Virus

A

smallest of all microorganisms

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6
Q

Fungi

A

plantlike organisms present in air, soil and water

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7
Q

Reservoir

A

natural habitat of organism

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8
Q

Portal of exit

A

point of escape for the organism

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9
Q

Means of transmission

A

Direct contact, indirect contact, airborne route

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10
Q

Portal of entry

A

point at which organisms enter a new host

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11
Q

Susceptible Host

A

must overcome resistance mounted by host defenses

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12
Q

Factors affecting an organisms potential to produce disease

A

Number of organisms, Virulence, Competence of persons immune system, Length of intimacy of contact between person and microorganism

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13
Q

Number of organisms

A

the more organisms the more likely to get sick

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14
Q

Virulence

A

ability to produce disease

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15
Q

Stages of Infection

A

Incubation period, prodromal stage, Acute, convalescent period

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16
Q

Incubation period

A

organisms growing and multiplying

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17
Q

Prodromal stage

A

person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease

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18
Q

Acute

A

Full stage of illness- presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease

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19
Q

Convalescent period

A

recovery from the infection

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20
Q

Bodys defense against infection

A

Bodys normal flora, Imflammatory response- ( Vascular stage, cellular stage), Immune response

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21
Q

Vascular stage

A

cardinal signs of infection: redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of functon

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22
Q

Asepsis

A

without infection

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23
Q

Sepsis

A

with infection

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24
Q

Aseptic Technique

A

Includes all activities to prevent or break the chain of infection
Includes two types: Medical asepsis and surgical asepsis

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25
Medical asepsis
clean technique
26
Surgical asepsis
sterile technique Used in operating room, labor and delivery areas Ex: insertion of urinary catheter, sterile dressing changes, or preparing and injecting medicine
27
Bacterial Flora
Transient and resident
28
Transient
attached loosely on skin, removed with relative ease
29
Resident
found in creases in skin, requires friction with brush to remove
30
Nosocomial
originates or takes place in the hospital
31
Standard precautions
used in care of all hospitalized patients Apply to blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, contact skin, mucous membranes apply to every patient
32
Tasmission-based precautions
used in addition to stand precautions for patients with suspected infection include airborne, droplet or contact precautions apply to patients with specific confirmed infecitons
33
wound
disruption in normal ski tissue integrity
34
types of wounds
intentional or unintentional open or closed acute or chronic partial thickness, full thickness, complex
35
Aerobic
bacteria that requires oxygen to live and grow
36
Anaerobic
bacteria that can live without oxygen
37
Antibody
immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen
38
Antigen
foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response
39
antimicrobial
antibacterial agent that kills bacteria and suppresses their growth
40
disinfection
process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores
41
endemic
something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location
42
endogenous
infection in which the causative organism comes form microbial life the person himself or herself harbors
43
exogenous
infection in which the causative organism is acquired form outside the host
44
healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
an infection that was not present on admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions
45
Host
animal or person on or within which microorganisms live
46
iatrogenic
infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure
47
isolation
protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms
48
personal protective equipment (PPE)
gloves, gowns, masks, and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the healthcare workers exposure to infectious material
49
sterilization
the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, and destroyed surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile
50
vector
nonhuman carries such as mosquitoes ticks and lice that transmit organisms from one host to another
51
bandage
piece of gauze or other material used to cover a wound
52
debridement
cleaning away devitalized tissue and foreign matter from a wound
53
dehiscence
separation of the layers of a surgical wound; may be partial, superficial, or a complete disruption of the surgical wound
54
dermis
layer of the skin below the epidermis
55
desiccation
dehydration; the process of being rendered free from moisture
56
dressing
protective covering placed over a wound
57
epidermis
superficial layer of the skin
58
eschar
a thick, leathery scab or dry crust that is necrotic and must be removed for adequate healing to occur
59
evisceration
protrusion of viscera through an incision
60
exudate
fluid that accumulates in a wound; may contain serum, cellular debris, bacteria, and white blood cells
61
fistula
an abnormal passage from an internal organ to the skin or from one internal organ to another
62
friction
occurs when two surfaces rub against each other; the resulting injury resembles an abrasion and can also damage superficial blood vessels directly under the skin
63
granulation tissue
new tissue that is pink/red in color composed of fibroblasts and small blood vessels that fill an open wound when it starts to heal
64
ischemia
deficiency of blood in a particular area
65
maceration
softening through liquid; over hydration
66
necrosis
death of cells and tissue
67
negative pressure wound therapy
activity that promotes wound healing and wound closure through the application of uniform negative pressure on the wound bed, reduction in bacteria in the wound, and removal of excess wound fluid
68
pressure ulcer
any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in damage to underlying tissue
69
purulent drainage
comprised of white blood cells, liquefied dead tissue debris and both dead and live bacteria
70
sanguineous drainage
containing or mixed with blood
71
scar
connective tissue that fills a wound area
72
serosnguineous drainage
mixture of serum and red blood cells
73
serous drainage
composed of clear serous portion of the blood and from serous membranes
74
shearing force
force created when layers of tissue move on one another
75
subcutaneous tissue
underlying layer that anchors the skin layers to the underlying tissues of the body
76
wound
injury that results in a disruption in the normal continuity of body tissue

Foundations (2 decks)

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