Hand Washing And Vitals.

Question 1

Asepsis

Answer 1

Includes all activities to prevent infection or break the chain of infection. Hand hygiene is the most effective way to help prevent the spread of infectious agents.

Question 2

Vital signs

Answer 2

Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure. (Sometimes pain and oxygen saturation)

Question 3

Body temperature

Answer 3

the heat of the body measured in degrees.

Question 4

Sources of heat production

Answer 4

Metabolism, hormones, muscle movements, exercise increase the metabolism.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released and alter metabolism.
Energy production decreases and heat production increase.

Question 5

Sources of heat loss

Answer 5

Skin, warming and humidify in inspired air, evaporation of sweat, eliminating urine and feces.

Question 6

Core body temperature

Answer 6

Deep tissues of the body abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity remains constant.

Question 7

Surface temperature

Answer 7

Skin subcutaneous tissue, fat rises and falls in response to the environment.

Question 8

Factors effecting body temperature

Answer 8

Circadian rhythms, age and gender, environmental temperatures

Question 9

Circadian rhythm

Answer 9

Body temperature normally fluctuates throughout the day.
Lowest between: 0400-0600 am
Highest between 1600-1800 pm

Question 10

Sites for measuring body temperature

Answer 10

Oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic membrane, skin/temporal artery.

Question 11

Oral temperature contrindications

Answer 11

Impaired cognitive functioning, inability to close lips around thermometer, diseases of the oral cavity, and oral or nasal surgery.

Question 12

Rectal temperature contraindications

Answer 12

Newborns, small children, patients who have had rectal surgery, or have diarrhea or disease of the rectum, and contain heart conditions.

Question 13

Tympanic temperature contraindications

Answer 13

Earache, ear drainage, and scarred tympanic membrane.

Question 14

Peripheral pulse

Answer 14

Pulse located away from the heart
Arm, foot, wrist, leg, neck
Palpation (feeling)

Question 15

Apical pulse

Answer 15

Central pulse
At the apex of the heart
Auscultation (hearing)

Question 16

Parasympathetic stimulation

Answer 16

Decreases heart rate

Question 17

Sympathetic stimulation

Answer 17

Increases heart rate

Question 18

Pulse rate

Answer 18

Number of contractions over a peripheral artery in 1 minute

Question 19

Pulse variations

Answer 19

Increased or decreased pulse rate
Pulse amplitude and quality
Regular or irregular pulse rhythm

Question 20

Normal respirations rate for adults

Answer 20

12-20 times per minute

Infant and children breathe more rapidly

Question 21

Depth of respirations

Answer 21

Varies from shallow to deep

Question 22

Rhythm of respiratios

Answer 22

Regular: each inhalation/exhalation and the pauses between occur at regular intervals

Question 23

Rate and depth of breathing

Answer 23

Changes in response to body demands
Controlled by respiratory centers in the medulla and pons
Activated by impulses from chemoreceptors
Increase in carbon dioxide is the most powerful respiratory stimulant

Question 24

Eupnea

Answer 24

Normal in rate in depth (in breathing)

Question 25

Hyperpnea

Answer 25

Respirations are labored, increases in depth, and increased in rate.

Question 26

Bradypnea

Answer 26

Breathing less then 12 in a minute. Slow breathing rate.

Question 27

Tachypnea

Answer 27

Breathing more than 20 breaths per minute. Occurs normally during exercise. Fast breathing

Question 28

Apnea

Answer 28

Respirations cease

Question 29

Hyperventilation

Answer 29

Rate and depth of respirations increase

Question 30

Hypoventilation

Answer 30

Rate is lower than normal and depth decreased

Question 31

Cheyne

Answer 31

Strokes breathing

Question 32

Dyspnea

Answer 32

Difficult breathing

Question 33

Orthpnea

Answer 33

Breathing in upright position

Question 34

Stoke volume

Answer 34

The amount of blood discharged from the ventricle with each beat

Question 35

Cardiac output

Answer 35

Stroke volume X Heart rate per min

Question 36

Blood volume

Answer 36

The sum of the blood cell and plasma volumes in the vascular system

Question 37

Peripheral resistance

Answer 37

The impedance of blood flow as the arterial channels become more and more distant to the heart.

Question 38

Blood viscosity

Answer 38

Thickness or its resistance to flowing (anemia, hemorrhage).

Question 39

Pre-Hypertension

Answer 39

Systolic pressure: 120-139 mmHg | Diastolic pressure: 80-89 mmHg

Question 40

Hypertension

Answer 40

Systolic pressure: 140 and higher mmHg | Diastolic pressure: 90 and higher mmHg

Question 41

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 41

BP falls when client sits or stands

Question 42

Normal oral temperature

Answer 42

37.00 C or 98.6 F

Question 43

Normal Pulse Rate

Answer 43

60-100 BPM 80 is average.

Question 44

Normal Respirations

Answer 44

12 to 20 breaths/minute

Question 45

Normal blood pressure

Answer 45

Below 120/80 mmHg