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Foundations > Hand Washing And Vitals. > Flashcards

Hand Washing And Vitals. Flashcards

1
Q

Asepsis

A

Includes all activities to prevent infection or break the chain of infection. Hand hygiene is the most effective way to help prevent the spread of infectious agents.

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2
Q

Vital signs

A

Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure. (Sometimes pain and oxygen saturation)

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3
Q

Body temperature

A

the heat of the body measured in degrees.

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4
Q

Sources of heat production

A

Metabolism, hormones, muscle movements, exercise increase the metabolism.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released and alter metabolism.
Energy production decreases and heat production increase.

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5
Q

Sources of heat loss

A

Skin, warming and humidify in inspired air, evaporation of sweat, eliminating urine and feces.

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6
Q

Core body temperature

A

Deep tissues of the body abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity remains constant.

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7
Q

Surface temperature

A

Skin subcutaneous tissue, fat rises and falls in response to the environment.

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8
Q

Factors effecting body temperature

A

Circadian rhythms, age and gender, environmental temperatures

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9
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Body temperature normally fluctuates throughout the day.
Lowest between: 0400-0600 am
Highest between 1600-1800 pm

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10
Q

Sites for measuring body temperature

A

Oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic membrane, skin/temporal artery.

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11
Q

Oral temperature contrindications

A

Impaired cognitive functioning, inability to close lips around thermometer, diseases of the oral cavity, and oral or nasal surgery.

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12
Q

Rectal temperature contraindications

A

Newborns, small children, patients who have had rectal surgery, or have diarrhea or disease of the rectum, and contain heart conditions.

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13
Q

Tympanic temperature contraindications

A

Earache, ear drainage, and scarred tympanic membrane.

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14
Q

Peripheral pulse

A

Pulse located away from the heart
Arm, foot, wrist, leg, neck
Palpation (feeling)

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15
Q

Apical pulse

A

Central pulse
At the apex of the heart
Auscultation (hearing)

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16
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation

A

Decreases heart rate

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17
Q

Sympathetic stimulation

A

Increases heart rate

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18
Q

Pulse rate

A

Number of contractions over a peripheral artery in 1 minute

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19
Q

Pulse variations

A

Increased or decreased pulse rate
Pulse amplitude and quality
Regular or irregular pulse rhythm

20
Q

Normal respirations rate for adults

A

12-20 times per minute

Infant and children breathe more rapidly

21
Q

Depth of respirations

A

Varies from shallow to deep

22
Q

Rhythm of respiratios

A

Regular: each inhalation/exhalation and the pauses between occur at regular intervals

23
Q

Rate and depth of breathing

A

Changes in response to body demands
Controlled by respiratory centers in the medulla and pons
Activated by impulses from chemoreceptors
Increase in carbon dioxide is the most powerful respiratory stimulant

24
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal in rate in depth (in breathing)

25
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Respirations are labored, increases in depth, and increased in rate.

26
Q

Bradypnea

A

Breathing less then 12 in a minute. Slow breathing rate.

27
Q

Tachypnea

A

Breathing more than 20 breaths per minute. Occurs normally during exercise. Fast breathing

28
Q

Apnea

A

Respirations cease

29
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rate and depth of respirations increase

30
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Rate is lower than normal and depth decreased

31
Q

Cheyne

A

Strokes breathing

32
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult breathing

33
Q

Orthpnea

A

Breathing in upright position

34
Q

Stoke volume

A

The amount of blood discharged from the ventricle with each beat

35
Q

Cardiac output

A

Stroke volume X Heart rate per min

36
Q

Blood volume

A

The sum of the blood cell and plasma volumes in the vascular system

37
Q

Peripheral resistance

A

The impedance of blood flow as the arterial channels become more and more distant to the heart.

38
Q

Blood viscosity

A

Thickness or its resistance to flowing (anemia, hemorrhage).

39
Q

Pre-Hypertension

A

Systolic pressure: 120-139 mmHg

Diastolic pressure: 80-89 mmHg

40
Q

Hypertension

A

Systolic pressure: 140 and higher mmHg

Diastolic pressure: 90 and higher mmHg

41
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

BP falls when client sits or stands

42
Q

Normal oral temperature

A

37.00 C or 98.6 F

43
Q

Normal Pulse Rate

A

60-100 BPM 80 is average.

44
Q

Normal Respirations

A

12 to 20 breaths/minute

45
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

Below 120/80 mmHg

Foundations (2 decks)

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