Chapter 27: Lower Respiratory Problems

Question 1

Acute Bronchitis

Answer 1

Self-Limiting inflammation of the bronchi in the lower respiratory tract

Question 2

CAP Community Acquired Pneumonia

Answer 2

Acute infection of the lung occurring in patients who have not been hospitalized or lived in a long-term care facility within 14 days of the onset symptoms.

Question 3

Cor Pulmonale

Answer 3

Enlargement of right ventricle caused by primary disorder of the respiratory system

Question 4

Empyema

Answer 4

The collection of purulent fluid in the pleural space

Question 5

Flail Chest

Answer 5

Results from the fracture of 3 or more consecutive ribs, in 2 or more separate places, causing an unstable segment

Question 6

Hemothorax

Answer 6

Accumulation of blood in the pleural space from injury to the chest wall, diaphragm, lung, blood vessels, or mediastinum

Question 7

HAP Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

Answer 7

Also known as nosocomial pneumonia. and it is pneumonia in a non-intubated patient that begins 48 hours or longer after admission to hospital and was not present at time of admission.

Question 8

Lung Abscess

Answer 8

Necrosis of the lung tissue which typically results from bacteria aspirated from the oral cavity in patients with periodontal disease.

Question 9

Pertussis

Answer 9

Highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract caused by the gram negative bacillus Bordatella pertussis

Question 10

Pleural Effusion

Answer 10

Abnormal collection of fluid

Question 11

Pleurisy (Pleuritis)

Answer 11

Inflammation of the pleura

Question 12

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 12

General term for a group of lung diseases caused by inhalation and retention of mineral or metal dust particles

Question 13

Pneumonia

Answer 13

Acute infection of the lung parenchyma

Question 14

Pneumothorax

Answer 14

Caused by air entering the pleural cavity. If small, mild tachycardia and dyspnea may be the only manifestations. If large, respiratory distress may be present as well as desaturation, dyspnea, air hunger, shallow and rapid respirations, and absent breath sounds.

Question 15

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 15

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial space of the lungs

Question 16

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 16

The blockage of 1 or more pulmonary arteries by thrombus, fat, or air embolus, or tumor tissue

Question 17

Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 17

Characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure from an increase in resistance to blood flow through the pulmonary circulation

Question 18

Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 18

Occurs when air enters the pleural space but can’t escape

Question 19

Thoracentesis

Answer 19

Aspiration of intrapleural fluid for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

Question 20

Thoracotomy

Answer 20

Surgical incision into the chest to gain access to the heart, lungs, esophagus, thoracic aorta, or anterior spine.

Question 21

Tuberculosis

Answer 21

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.