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Physical science > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

a layer extending an average of 12km above earths surface

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

greenhouse effect

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4
Q

How are the earths atmospheric layers divided?

A

bases on difference in composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up to majority of the atmosphere?

A

nitrogen- 78%

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6
Q

What is the second most abundant gas found in the atmosphere?

A

oxygen- 21%

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7
Q

What is the one percent left called in the rest of the atmosphere called?

A

water vapor, agron, carbon dioxide, etc.

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8
Q

In the tropsphere does the temperature increase of decrease with altitiude?

A

decreases

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9
Q

How many layers are there in earths atmosphere?

A

5

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10
Q

which layer is the o zone found in?

A

stratosphere

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11
Q

What are the names of the five layers starting from closest to the earth surface going up?

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, troposhere, exosphere

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12
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease within the stratosphere?

A

increases

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13
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease within the mesoshere layer?

A

it decreases until it gets to the higher level then starts to increase

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14
Q

Does the thermosphere and exosphere impact weather?

A

no

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15
Q

a narrow band of fast-moving, high-altitiude air

A

jet stream

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16
Q

the apparent deflection of an object due to earths rotation

A

coriolis effect

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17
Q

a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

A

air mass

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18
Q

air masses interact in these zones

A

weather fronts

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19
Q

How many jet streams are in the world?

A

there are 4

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20
Q

How many pressure systems are there?

A

2; low-pressure system, high-pressure system

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21
Q

What is the low pressure system also known as?

A

Low (L)

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22
Q

Which direction does a low pressure system flow?

A

counter-clock wise

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23
Q

What are some results that a low pressure system cause?

A

air rises creating clouds and precipitation

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24
Q

What is a high pressure system also known as?

A

a High

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25
Which direction does high pressure system flow?
clockwise
26
What do high pressure cause?
air flows away from the center, causes air to sink, which results in clear skies
27
What are the four weather fronts?
cold front, warm front, stationary front, and occluded front
28
What causes a cold front?
cold air that forces warm air upward in a fast chaotic manner
29
What is a cold front represented by?
news, blue triangles
30
How are warm fronts created?
warm air rises gently above cold air
31
What is a warm front represented by on the news?
a red semi-circle
32
How are stationary fronts formed?
cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances
33
How are stationary fronts represented on the news?
by half circles and blue triangles
34
How are occluded fronts created?
a fast-moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front
35
a climate that is strongly affected by an ocean
maritime climate
36
a climate that is not directly affected by an ocean
continental climate
37
blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon when the land is warmer than the water
sea breeze
38
What is climate?
long-term average of weather conditions- winds, temperature, precipitation, moisture, and other aspects of weather
39
What is weather?
day to day outside conditions
40
What are the five spheres that make up earths systems?
atmosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, hydroshpere, lithosphere
41
What is the atmosphere?
includes the air around us
42
What is the biosphere?
everything organic
43
What is the hydrosphere?
the liquid water
44
What is the cryosphere?
the frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers
45
What is the lithosphere?
earth's outermost layer
46
What is the primary factor that influences climate at a given climate?
latitude
47
Where is the solar radiation most intense on earth?
equator
48
At what degrees do the sun rays hit earths tropic zone
90 degrees
49
At what degrees does sun rays hit Earths surface at the temperate zone?
45 degrees
50
What degrees do the sun rays hit earths surface in the polar zone?
30 degrees
51
What zone are we in?
temperate
52
Which climate zone and what type of vegetation does Lamar CO have?
Warm, semi-arid; grasslands
53
What other factors determine climate?
precipitation, mountains, water
54
What is the windward side on a mountain range?
the air is cool and wet and there is a lot of vegetation
55
What is it like on the leeward side on a mountain range?
warm and dry and little to no vegetation
56
What is a land breeze?
when air from the land goes to the water
57
an increase in the average temperatures of Earths near-surface air and oceans
global warming
58
the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America
El Nino
59
occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal
La Nina
60
How do sesaonal changes happen?
they move around the sun
61
Which hemisphere is in the summer?
The one that is tilted towards the sun
62
What is the period of time where Earths surface was covered with ice?
ice age
63
How long ago did the world reach its current pattern?
about 3 million years ago
64
What are some factors that cause climate change?
the tilt of th eearhs axis and rotation, the shape of its orbit, and the timing of its season
65
How do humans create climate change?
energy consumption, deforestration, industrial and agricultural practice,
66
What is deforestration?
the clearing of large areas of forest land/
67
How does deforestration cause climate to increase?
we rely on trees- and they remove the carbon dioxide

Physical science (7 decks)

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