Chapter 28 Flashcards
(25 cards)
social gospel
reform movement that used religious doctrines to demand better housing & living conditions for the urban poor. It was closely linked to the settlement house movement, which brought middle class, Anglo-American volunteers into contact with immigrants & working class
muckrakers
young reporters who boosted the circulations of their magazines but writing the revealing of the widespread corruption in the American society. Subjects included white slavers, child labor, illegal deeds of trusts, & a business manipulation of the gov’t
initiative
reform allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on a ballot, like, referendum & recall bringing democracy to the people, helping to swift towards interest-group politics & away from old political machines
Henry Demarest Lloyd
journalist who wrote the book, “Wealth against common wealth” which attacked the Standard Oil Company
Thorstein Veblen
famous sociologist/economist, & wrote “The Theory of the Leisure Class”
Jacob Riis
muckraker, famous for using photography documenting the poor conditions of many communities that went bankrupt, also wrote “How the other Half Lives”
Robert M. La Follette
progressive Republican Leader “Wisconsin Idea”was the model for state progressive gov’t, using the “brain trust” - creating an effective, efficient gov’t. Denied nomination for the Republicans in favor of Roosevelt
Hiram Johnson
elected Republican Governor of Cali, helped break the grip of Southern Pacific Railroad on California politic, set up his own political machine
Florence Kelley
a former Hull House resident who became Illinois first chief factory inspector, she took control of the National Consumers League, crusader for Women’s & labor rights
Frances E. Willard
leader of the women’s Christian Temperance Union, her reform ideas encouraged other women to take a step towards radical causes (women’s suffrage), also allowing conservative women to stay with the temperance work
Gifford Pinchot
head of the federal Division of Forestry, wanting to protect & use the natural resources of the nation (forest & river) winning the election of 1922
John Muir
naturalist, tried to protect natural “temples”, his writings & philosophy shaped the modern environmental movement
referendum
progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill/ballot for a final approval, even after it is passed by the legislature
recall
progressive ballot allowing voters to remove elected officials from office
Australian ballot
system allowing voters privacy in marketing their choice in ballots, introduced in the US during progressive era
Muller vs. Oregon
Supreme court case where Louis D. Brandeis (attorney & future Supreme Court Justice) persuaded the Court to accept the Constitutionality of limiting the women’s working hours, establishing a different standard for male & female workers
Lochner vs. New York
Supreme Court decision that nullified a law that established a ten-hour day for bakers, “right to free contract” was implied in the process of the 14th Amendment
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
organization that wished for/advocated for the elimination of the sale of alcohol, making the world more homelike, sending missionaries around the world to spread the gospel of temperance
Elkins Act
Congress passed this law, imposing penalties on railroads that offered rebates & customers who accepted them, & this law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887
Meat Inspection Act
congress passed this law, allowing the shipment of meat over state lines for federal inspection. The book, Jungle talked about consumers in America, & the conditions in the slaughter houses & meatpacking places which mobilized support from gov’t actions
Pure Food & Drug Act
Congress passed this law, allowing inspection, regulating the labeling of all foods & pharmaceuticals
Hetch Hetchy Valley
federal gov’t allowed San Francisco to build a damn there, the preservationists, wanted to protect the Yosemite National Park were upset by this, because the damn was built there
dollar diplomacy
applied to President Taft’s critics to the policy of supporting US investments & political interests, was first applied to the financing of railways. Woodrow Wilson & administration wanted to support US business interests, in Latin America
Payne Aldrich Bill
intended to lower tariff rates, it actually retained high rates on most of the imports. President Taft caused the progressive wing party to become angry when he declared it “the best bill that the Republican party ever passed”
