Chapter 289 - Disorders of the Mediastinum

Question 1

Borders of the anterior mediastinum

Answer 1

Manubrium and sternum anteriorly, pericardium, aorta, and brachiocephalic vessels posteriorly

Question 2

Borders of the middle compartment

Answer 2

Anterior mediastinum anteriorly, posterior mediastinum posteriorly

Question 3

Borders of the Posterior mediastinum

Answer 3

Pericardium and trachea anteriorly; vertebral column posteriorly

Question 4

Pericardium & heart,

Answer 4

Middle Mediastinum

Question 5

ascending and transverse arch of aorta

Answer 5

Middle Mediastinum

Question 6

superior and inferior vena cavae

Answer 6

Middle Mediastinum

Question 7

brachiocephalic arteries and veins

Answer 7

Middle Mediastinum

Question 8

phrenic nerves

Answer 8

Middle Mediastinum

Question 9

trachea and main bronchi

Answer 9

Middle Mediastinum

Question 10

pulmonary arteries, and veins

Answer 10

Middle Mediastinum

Question 11

Thymoma

Answer 11

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 12

lymphomas

Answer 12

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 13

teratomatous neoplasms

Answer 13

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 14

thyroid masses

Answer 14

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 15

parathyroid masses

Answer 15

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 16

mesenchymal tumors

Answer 16

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 17

giant lymph node hyperplasia,

Answer 17

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 18

hernia through foramen of Morgagni

Answer 18

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 19

Metastatic lymph node enlargement

Answer 19

Middle Mediastinum

Question 20

granulomatous lymph node enlargement

Answer 20

Middle Mediastinum

Question 21

pleuropericardial cysts

Answer 21

Middle Mediastinum

Question 22

bronchogenic cysts

Answer 22

Middle Mediastinum

Question 23

masses of vascular origin

Answer 23

Middle Mediastinum

Question 24

Thymus gland

Answer 24

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 25

anterior mediastinal LN

Answer 25

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 26

internal mammary arteries, and veins

Answer 26

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 27

Descending thoracic aorta,

Answer 27

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 28

esophagus

Answer 28

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 29

thoracic duct

Answer 29

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 30

azygos and hemiazygos veins

Answer 30

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 31

sympathetic chains

Answer 31

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 32

posterior group of mediastinal lymph nodes

Answer 32

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 33

Neurogenic tumors

Answer 33

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 34

meningocele

Answer 34

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 35

meningomyelocele

Answer 35

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 36

gastroenteric cysts

Answer 36

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 37

esophageal diverticula

Answer 37

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 38

hernia through foramen of Bochdalek

Answer 38

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 39

extramedullary hematopoiesis

Answer 39

Posterior Mediastinum

Question 40

Most valuable imaging technique in evaluating mediastinal masses

Answer 40

CT scan

Question 41

incidence of mediastinitis after median sternotomy

Answer 41

0.4-5%

Question 42

3 usual causes of acute mediastinitis

Answer 42

1. esophageal perforation 2. after median sternotomy for cardiac surgery 3. infections descending from the neck, oral cavity, or facial area

Question 43

Most cases of Chronic Mediastinitis are due to

Answer 43

Histoplasmosis | TB

Question 44

3 main causes of pneumomediastinum

Answer 44

1. Alveolar rupture with dissection of air into the mediastinum 2. Perforation or rupture of the esophagus, trachea, main bronchi 3. dissection of air from the neck to abdomen into the mediastinum

Question 45

Crunching or clicking noise synchronous with the heart beat best heard in the left lateral decubitus position

Answer 45

Hamman's sign