Chapter 29

Question 1

What are the three basic types of cells?

Answer 1

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma

Question 2

What are parenchymal cell adapted for?

Answer 2

Storing water and nutrients.

Question 3

What are collenchyma cells adapted for?

Answer 3

Elasticity.

Question 4

What are sclerenchyma cells adapted for?

Answer 4

Rigidity.

Question 5

Plant tissues are arranged in what three systems?

Answer 5

Dermal (outer covering)
Ground (serves a role in storage, metabolism and support)
Vascular (Xylem and phloem)

Question 6

What major organ does dermal, ground and vascular tissue make up?

Answer 6

Roots
Stems
Leaves

Question 7

What are roots used for?

Answer 7

Water and nutrient absorption, store starch, and anchor the plant to the ground.

Question 8

What are stems used for?

Answer 8

Water and nutrient transportation.

Question 9

What are leaves used for in plants?

Answer 9

Produces food by photosynthesis and is where gas exchange happen.

Question 10

What part of a leaf does gas exchange?

Answer 10

The stomata.

Question 11

Outer covering of leaves has a waxy cuticle that ______.

Answer 11

Prevents water loss.
This cuticle prevents gas exchange from happening which is dangerous for the plant. (Can only be done in stomata)

Question 12

Roots have hairlike extensions which increase the _____ for water and nutrient absorption.

Answer 12

Surface area to volume ratio.

Question 13

How does sap flow in the xylem?

Answer 13

One way flow (upward)

Question 14

How does sap flow in the phloem?

Answer 14

Two way flow.

Question 15

What are the regions of cells that continuously divide called?

Answer 15

Meristems.
Which are responsible for plant growth.

Question 16

What are the three types of meristems?

Answer 16

1) Apical meristem.
2) Intercalary meristem
3) Lateral meristem.
SLIDE 13 TABLE 29-2

Question 17

What is primary growth and what meristem produces it?

Answer 17

Growth in length, produced by apical and intercalary meristems.

Question 18

What is secondary growth and what meristem produces it?

Answer 18

Growth in diameter, produced by lateral meristem.

Question 19

What are the three types of roots?

Answer 19

Tap roots
Fibrous roots
Adventitious roots

Question 20

How does tap root grow? and give an example.

Answer 20

Grows vertically down
EX) Carrots

Question 21

How do fibrous roots grow? and give an example.

Answer 21

Branches grow from the base of the stem.
EX) grass

Question 22

How do adventitious roots grow? And give an example.

Answer 22

Growing from unusual places such as the leaves or stem of a plant.
EX) Corn

Question 23

What is the purpose of a root cap?

Answer 23

Provides lubrication and protection for root tips.

Question 24

What are the different types of stems?

Answer 24

1) Stolons
2) Tubers
3) Fleshy stems

Question 25

How do stolon stems grow? And give an example.

Answer 25

Above ground but horizontally EX) Strawberries.

Question 26

How do tuber stems grow? And give an example.

Answer 26

Underground, and store starch. EX) Potatoes

Question 27

What do fleshy stems do? And give an example.

Answer 27

Stores water. EX) Cacti

Question 28

FIGURE 29-12

Question 29

What two phenomenas allow water transportation?

Answer 29

Transpiration and cohesion-tension theory.

Question 30

Explain the transpiration phenomena.

Answer 30

When gas is exchanged water evaporates, which pulls water from the lower parts upward.

Question 31

Explain the cohesion-tension theory phenomena.

Answer 31

Water moves due to their attraction to each other.

Question 32

What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?

Answer 32

Cohesion is the attraction of water molecules to each other. Adhesion is the attraction of water molecules to surfaces.

Question 33

What can catalyze transpiration?

Answer 33

Higher temperatures.

Question 34

What are three types of leaves?

Answer 34

1) Tendril leaves 2) Tubular leaves 3) spines

Question 35

What are tendril leaves?

Answer 35

Whiplike leaves that wrap around other objects for support.

Question 36

What are tubular leaves?

Answer 36

Tubelike leaves that consume small organisms.

Question 37

What are spines (leaves)

Answer 37

Leaves that are protection against predators and better for less water loss.

Question 38

What are the three different leaf structures?

Answer 38

Simple leaf Compound leaf Double compound leaves

Question 39

What is the mesophyll?

Answer 39

Ground tissue made of parenchymal cells that are rich in chloroplast.

Question 40

What are the types of mesophyll?

Answer 40

Palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll.

Question 41

What is palisade mesophyll?

Answer 41

A mesophyll that is tightly packed for photosynthesis efficiency.

Question 42

What is spongy mesophyll?

Answer 42

Has large gaps so that all gases can pass through.

Question 43

How are desert plants able to photosynthesize?

Answer 43

They have less chloroplast. (Limits photosynthesis) More coatings of hair to reduce exposure to sunlight. (Limits photosynthesis)

Question 44

Why do desert plants need to limit photosynthesis?

Answer 44

Because photosynthesis requires water.