Chapter 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is an important initial action in a hazardous materials incidents
A
Scene size-up
2
Q
True or False: It is possible to detect the presence of hazardous materials emergency based on info from a dispatch
A
True
3
Q
Your initial and ongoing actions at a scene should be guided by….
A
- SOPs 2. Your training 3. Info gathered at the scene
4
Q
What is a hazardous material, as defined by the DOT?
A
A material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety or the environment when transported, used incorrectly, or not properly contained
5
Q
What are some differences between a Hazmat/WMD incident and other emergencies?
A
- Usually much slower, unless situation is imminently dangerous 2. Largely dictated by hazards involved, environmental influences, and the way the chemical behaves 3. Must be aware of law enforcement aspects
6
Q
On any hazmat incident, your first action should be to approach the scene from….
A
A safe location and direction. Possibly with binoculars
7
Q
What is the traditional rule for how to approach a scene?
A
Uphill and upwind
8
Q
When assessing a hazmat release what are some clues you may see near the release?
A
Dead animals, discolored pavement, dead grass, visible vapors or puddles
9
Q
What are 3 good ways to recognize a hazmat/WMD incident?
A
Occupancy, location and your senses
10
Q
Most facilities that store a significant amount of hazardous materials will have an Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) Department, which should be contacted because…
A
They can provide valuable info for understanding chemical inventory, Ventilation systems, hazard areas, etc. and can help get in contact with helpful people at the facility.
11
Q
Which of your senses are normally safe to use during an incident? Which is not a safe one to use?
A
Sight and sound. Leading with your nose is not the safest usually. The further you are, the safer.
12
Q
What is a container?
A
Any vessel or receptacle that holds a material
13
Q
What is a dewar container?
A
Container designed to preserve the temperature of the cold liquid inside.
14
Q
What are bulk storage containers (or large volume containers)?
A
A large volume container that has an internal volume greater than 119 gallons for liquids, a capacity greater than 882 pound for solids, and a water capacity of 1,001 pounds or less for compressed gas
15
Q
Gasoline or waste solvents may be stored in…
A
55 gallon drums with 2 capped openings
16
Q
What is secondary containment?
A
Method to control spilled or released product if the main containment vessel fails
17
Q
How much of the tank can a secondary containment vessel typically hold?
A
The entire volume of the tank, and a certain percentage of water from things such as hoseline, sprinkler systems or rain.
18
Q
What is an above ground storage tank(AST) and an underground storage tank(UST)?
A
Tank that’s above ground or below ground and can hold anywhere from a few hundred gallons to several million gallons of product. Typically hold flammable or combustible materials. Can be pressurized or nonpressurized.
19
Q
What are above ground storage and underground storage tanks usually made of?
A
Aluminum, steel or plastic
20
Q
What is a headspace?
A
A small vapor space above the liquid in a tank
21
Q
What are intermodal tanks(IM or IMO)?
A
Tanks that are both shipping and storage vessels.
22
Q
How many gallons can intermodal tanks hold and are they pressurized or nonpressurized?
A
Between 5,000-6,000 gallons and can be either pressurized or nonpressurized.
23
Q
Can intermodal tanks alsobe used for cryogenic liquids?
A
Yes
24
Q
How are IM’s constructed?
A
With a box-like steel framework for efficient stacking and shipping.
25
What are the types of IM tanks?
1. IM-101 portable tanks (IMO Type 1 internationally)
2. IM-102 (IMO Type 2)
3. Pressure intermodal tanks (IMO Type 5)
4. Cryogenic intermodal tanks (IMO Type 7)
5. Tube modules
26
What is the capacity of, the working pressure of, and what do IM-101 (IMO Type 1) Tanks hold?
6300 gallon capacity, pressures between 25.4 psi and 100 psi. Typically carry mild corrosives, food-grade products and flammable liquids
27
What is the capacity of, the working pressure of, and what do IM-102 (IMO Type 2) Tanks hold?
6300 gallon capacity, pressures between 14.7 and 25.4 psi and mostly carry non hazardous materials; but may also contain flammable liquids and corrosives.
28
What is the working pressure of, and what do pressure intermodal tanks (IMO Type 5) hold?
High pressure, 100-600 psi. Usually hol liquiefied compressed gases, such as propane.
29
What are cryogenic intermodal tanks (IMO Type 7) and what do they carry?
Low pressure containers, but can be pressurized up to 600 psi. Commonly carries cryogenic materials with temps less than -150 F
30
What are tube modules?
Consist of several high pressure tubes attached to a frame, each individually specified with working pressures up to 5000 psi
31
What are nonbulk storage vessels?
All types of containers other than bulk containers. Can hold up to 119 gallons. Include vessels such as drums, bags, compressed gas cylinders, cryogenic containers and more.
32
What are drums?
Barrel like containers, easily recognizible.
33
What can drums store?
A wide variety of materials, such a food-grade materials, corrosives, flammable liquids, and grease.
34
What are drums made of?
Can be low-carbon steel, polyethylene, cardboard, stainless steel, nickel or others
35
What are steel drums, polyethylene drums, cardboard drums, and stainless steel drums used for.
Steel - Flammable liquids, oil and other non corrosives
Poly - Corrosives, such as acid bases and oxidizers
Cardboard - Solid materials
Stainless - Very reactive materials
36
What is the difference between a closed-head drum and an open-head drum?
Closed-head has a permanently attached lid with one or more small openings called bungs; Open-head has a removable lid fastened with a ring
37
What do bags store and what are they made of?
Usually store solids and powders and are made of plastic, paper or plastic lined paper.
38
What info must the label of a pesticide bag have?
1. Name
2. Active ingredients
3. Hazard statement
4. Total amount of product
5. Manufacturer's name and address
6. EPA registration number
7. EPA establishment number
8. Signal Words to indicate toxicity
9. First aid treatment description
10. Directions
11. Agricultural use requirements
12. Precautionary statements, such as mixing directions or potential environmental hazards
13. Storage and disposal info
14. Classification statement on who can use product
15. Keep out of reach of children
39
What are the signal words?
Indicates relative toxicity of material
* Danger--Poison: Highly toxic by all routes of entry
* Danger: Severe eye damage or skin irritation
* Warning: Moderately toxic
* Caution: Minor toxicity and minor eye damage or skin irritation
40
What is a carboys?
* A glass, plastioc or steel container that holds 5 to 15 gallons of product.
* Often placed in a protective wood, foam, fiberglass, or steel box to prevent breakage. Often holds corrosives.
41
What are cylinders?
* A=Portable, non bulk compressed gas container used to hold liquids and gases.
* Compressed gas cyliinders: oxygen cylinders (2000 psi), propane cylinders (200-300 psi)
* Dewar container (low pressure, holds cryogenic liquids)
42
What are ton containers?
Containers that commonly hold compressed liquified gases. Will hold 2000 pounds of product. 8 feet in length and 3 feet in diameter. All ton containers other than those with phospine have pressure relief valves called fusible plugs
43
What are intermediate bulk containers?
Containers that contain volumes that fall between what is found in drums and what is in cargo tanks. Between 119 gallons and 793 gallons. Are either flexible or rigid. Referred to as totes or super sacks.
44
How can hazardous materials be transported?
By air, sea or land. land transportation is the most common.
45
What is a cargo tank?
Bulk packaging that is permanently attached to or forms a part of a motor vehicle, or is not permanently attached to a MV, and that, because of its size, constructions, or attachment to a MV, is loaded or unloaded without being removed from the MV.
46
Types of Cargo Tanks
1. MC-306/DOT 406 cargo tank
2. MC-307/DOT 407 chemical hauler
3. MC-312/DOT 412 corrorsives cargo tank
4. MC-331 pressure cargo tank
5. MC-338 cryogenic tank
6. Tube trailers
7. Dry bulk cargo tanks
47
What is the MC-306/DOT 406 cargo tank?
* Most common and reliable transportation vessel. Frequently carry liquid food-grade products, gasoline, or other flammable and combustible liquids.
* Oval shaped tank pulled by diesel tractor
* Can carry betwen 6000 and 10,000 gallons
* Non-pressurized, 2.65 psi to 4 psi
* Made of stainless steel or aluminum
* Loaded and offloaded through valves at bottom of the tank
* Have several safety features including roll over protection and remote emergency shut off valves.
48
What is a MC-307/DOT 407 chemical hauler?
* Round or horeshoe shaped tank
* Holds between 6000 to 7000 gallons of liquid
* Carries flammable liquids, mild corrosives and poisons
* May be insulated (horseshoe) or uninsulated (round)
* Higher internal working pressure than MC-306, up to 35 psi
49
What is a MC-312/DOT 412 corrosives cargo tank?
* Used to carry corrosives such as phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide
* Smaller diameter than MC-306 or MC-307
* Often ID'd by several reinforcing rings around the tank
* Inside operates at approx 15 to 25 psi
* Holds approx 6000 gallons
* Roll over protection
50
What is a MC-331 pressure cargo tank?
* Carries materials such as propane, freon, butane and ammonia
* Volume ranges from 1000 gallon delivery truck to 11,000 gallon cargo tank
* Has rounded ends and often constructed of steel or stainless steel
* Operates at 300 psi with internal working pressure of 250 psi
* Equiped with spring loaded relief valves operating at 110% of max working pressure
51
What is a MC-338 cryogenic tank?
* Low pressure tank relies on tank insulation to maintain low temps required for cryogen it carries
* Boxlike structure that contains control valves at rear of tank
* Special training required to operate valves
* Have relief valve near valve control box
* Puffs of white vapor appear from time to time
52
What is a tube trailer?
* Carries compressed gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, helium, and methane.
* High volume transportation vehicles that are made up of several indiviual cylinders banded together and affixed to a trailer.
* Working pressure of 3000 to 5000 psi
53
What are dry bulk cargo tanks?
* Carry dry bulk goods such as powders, pellets, fertilizers, or grain
* Generally V-shaped with rounded sides that funnel contents to bottoms mounted valves.
54
What are the 3 basic types of rail tank cars?
1. Nonpressurized
2. Pressurized
3. Special use
55
Railcars are often labeled on both sides with....
1. Owner of car
2. Car's capacity
3. Specification
56
What is a nonpressurized (general service) rail tank car?
* Typically carry general industrial chemicals and consumer products, flammable and combustible liquids, and mild corrosives
* Has visible valves and piping without protective housing on top.
* May hold volumes ranging from 4000 to 40,000 gallons
57
What are pressurized rail tank cars?
* Transport materials such as propane, ammonia, ethylene oxide and chlorine
* Internal working pressures of 100 to 500 psi
* Top mounted fittings for loading and unloading, protected by sturdy and easily ID'd protective housing atop car.
58
What is the most common special use railcar?
* Cryogenic tank car is the most common special use railcar
* Special use railcars include boxcar, flat car, cryogenic and corrosive tank cars
59
What is a pipeline?
A length of pipe for conveying fluids and gases over long distances. Includes pumps, valves, flanges, control devices, strainers.
60
True of False: Pipelines are one of the most rarely involved in emergencies
True
61
What is the pipeline right-of-way?
An area, patch of land, or roadway that extends a certain number of feet on both sides of pipe.
62
What are vent pipes?
* Inverted J-shaped tubes that provide pressure relief or natural venting during maintanance and repairs.
* They are clearly marked and located 3 feet above the ground
63
What info is on the vent pipes?
1. Owner
2. Contents
3. Emergency contact number
64
Why are labels, placards and other markings important?
Enable responders to identify a released chemical.
65
What is the US DOT marking system?
* ID system characterized by labels, placards, and markings
* Diamond shaped placards and markings (placards are 10.75 inches on each side, markings are 4 inches on each side)
66
What is the 1,000 pound rule and what chemicals don't use this?
* A placard is needed only when a shipment weighs more than 1000 pounds
* Explosives, poison gases, water reactive solids and high level radioactive substances require a placard no matter what the weight is
67
What is the NFPA 704 hazard identification system?
* Diamond shaped symbol, of any size, split into 4 smaller diamonds with a color and number 0-4; 0 is least hazardous, 4 is most.
* The blue diamond is for health hazard, top red is flammability, yellow is reactivity, and with is special info (no number, but may have a symbol.
68
What is the Hazardous Materials Information System (HMIS)?
* Color-coded marketing system used by employers to give workers necessary info to work safely around chemicals.
* Helps employers comply with Hazard Communication Standard established by OSHA
* Not mandatory
* Similar to NFPA 704 marking system
69
What is the military hazardous materials/WMDs markings?
* Split into 4 divisons:
1. Division 1: Mass detonation hazards
2. Division 2: Explosion w/ fragment hazards
3. Division 3: Mass fire hazards
4. Division 4: Moderate fire hazards
* Chemical hazards are depicted by colors:
* Red: Toxic agents
* Yellow: Harassing agents
* White: White phosphorous
* Military shipments don't require placards
70
What is the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)?
* Action guide for responders working at a hazardous material scene
71
What are the 4 color coded sections of the ERG?
1. Yellow: Chemicals listed by UN number
2. Blue: Chemicals listed alphabetically by name
3. Orange: Organized by guide number. General hazard class, fire/explosion hazards, health hazards, and basic emergency actions are provided.
4. Green: Organized by UN number and provides initial isolation distances for certain materials.
* Includes water reactive materials that produce toxic gases
* Toxic inhalation hazards, which are gases or volatile liquids that are toxic to humans
* Chemical warfare agents
* Dangerous water reactive materials
72
What are the 9 chemical families and their respective divisions in the ERG?
73
What are safety data sheets (SDS)?
A common source of info about a particular chemical
74
What details does a safety data sheet typically include?
* Chemical name
* Physical and chemical characteristics
* Physical hazards
* Health hazards
* Signs and symptoms of exposure
* Routes of entry
* Permissible exposure limits
* Responsible party contact
* Precautions for safe handling
* Applicable control measures, including PPE
* Emergency and first aid procedures
* Appropriate waste disposal
75
What are shipping papers?
* Required whenever materials are transported
* Include the names and addresses of the shipper and receiver, ID material being shipped, and specify the quantity and weight of each part of the shipment
76
What is a bill of lading?
Shipping papers for road and highway transportation. Located in cab of vehicle.
* Packaging group I: High danger
* Packaging group II: Medium danger
* Packaging group III: Minor damage
77
What is a way-bill?
Shipping paper for railroad transportation
78
What is a dangerous cargo manifest?
Shipping papers for a marine vessel.
79
What is an air bill?
Shipping papers for air transport
80
What is the Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)?
* Provides responders with technical chemical information for a hazmat incident.
* CANUTEC is the Canadian equivalent
* SETIQ is the Mexico equivalent
* Phone numbers are listed in the ERG
81
What are 3 potential terrorist attack sites categories?
1. Infrastructure targets
2. Symbolic targets
3. Civilian targets
82
What are some indicators of a terrorist attack with chemical agents?
* **Chemical type gloves, chem suits, respirators, and marked or unmarked containers**
* Unexplained odors that are not common for the area
* Chemistry or reference books
* Materials used to manufacture chemicals, such as scales or thermometers
* Residue
* Dead insects or animals
83
True or False: people working around chemical agents may themselves become exposed and exhibit symptoms
True
84
What are some indicators of an incident with a biological agent?
* **Chemical or production equipment, such as petri dishes, vented hoods, bunsen burners, microscopes, or incubators**
* Reference manuals
* Containers that transport biological agents
* PPE
* Abandoned spray devices or unusual sprays
* Person working in lab area may evenentually exhibit symptoms consistent with the biological weapons they are working on
85
What are some indicators of an incident with a radiological agent?
* **Production or containment equipment**, such as lead or stainless steel containers, and explosives that may be used to disperse the radioactive source
* Must be able to recognize situations where radioactive materials may be encountered; industries that often use these materials include food testing labs, hospitals, med research centers, biotechnology facilities, construction sites, and medical labs
86
What are _Transport Index (TI) Numbers_?
Number that indicates the highest amount of radiation that can be measured from 1 meter (3 feet) away from the surface of the packaging
87
What are some types of radiological packaging?
1. Excepted Packaging
2. Industrial Packagin
3. Type A
4. Type B
5. Type C
88
What is excepted packaging?
* Used to transport materials that meet only general design requirements for any hazardous material package
* Low-level radioactive substances are commonly shipped is these
89
What is industrial packaging
* Used in certain shipments of low activity material and contaminated objects, radioactive waste
* Low-level radioactive waste shipped in these
90
What is type A packaging?
* Designed to protect the internal radiological contents during transport and in a minor accident.
* Characterized by inner containment vessel made of glass, plastic, or metal and external packaging materials made of polyethylene, rubber or vermiculite
* Examples include nuclear medicines, radioactive waste
* **Release consequences would not be significant because quantity is limited**
91
What is type B packaging?
* Far more durable than type A, designed to prevent release in extreme accident.
* **Life endangering amounts of radioactive materials are required to be transported in Type B packages**
92
What is type C packaging?
* Used for transporting high activity radioactive substances by air.
* Dangerous radioactive sources are shipped in Type C
* Type C is not certified for use in the US
93
What are some indicators of illicit laboratories?
* Terrorist paraphernelia
* Locations w/ certain characteristics, such as basements with unusual or multiple vents, building with heavy security, with odd odors, or covered windows
* Surveilance materials
* Nonweapon (ID badges) and weapon realated supplies (fuses, timers)
* Specific chemicals and materials such as: cold tablets, hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, paint thinner, drain cleaner, iodine crystals, camera batteries
94
What are some indicators of possible terrorist activity involving explosives?
* PPE (gloves, googles), production and containment materials (Fuses, detonators), explosive materials (gunpowder, fertilizer), and support materials (reference manuals)
95
What is a secondary device?
Some form of explosive designed to harm responders summoned to a scene for another reason. Usually takes place when responders begin to treat patients.
96
What are some indicators of a potential secondary device?
* Trip devices, such as timers, switches or devices
* Common concealment containers, such as briefcases, backpacks, boxes
* Personnel may watch the site of the primary device, in order to manually activate secondary device
97
What does the acronym EVADE, for thinking about the presence of a secondary device, stand for?
* E - Evaluate the scene for likely areas for a secondary device
* V- Visually scan operating areas for device before giving patient care
* A - Avoid touching or moving anything that can conceal an explosive device
* D - Designate and enforce scene control zones
* E - Evacuate victims, other responders, and nonessential personnel quickly and safely
