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C&M Bio > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

9 MAJOR CLASSES OF PROTEINS

A

Enzymatic, Structural, Motility, Signaling, Receptor, Defensive, Regulatory, Transport, Storage

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2
Q

FUNCTION OF STORAGE PROTEIN

A

reservoirs of amino acids

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3
Q

FUNCTION OF DEFENSIVE PROTEIN

A

protects against disease

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4
Q

FUNCTION OF RECEPTOR PROTEIN

A

allows cells to respond to chemical stimuli from the environment

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5
Q

FUNCTION OF SIGNALING PROTEIN

A

communication between cells

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6
Q

FUNCTION OF TRANSPORT PROTEIN

A

moves substances in and out of cell

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7
Q

FUNCTION OF REGULATORY PROTEIN

A

control and coordinate cell function

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8
Q

FUNCTION OF MOTILITY PROTEIN

A

contraction and movement

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9
Q

FUNCTION OF STRUCTURAL PROTEIN

A

physical support and shape

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10
Q

FUNCTION OF ENZYMATIC PROTEIN

A

catalyze reactions

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11
Q

CARBOHYDRATES FORMULA

A

6(CH 2 O)

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12
Q

PROTEINS FORMULA

A

C 9 H 11 NO 3

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13
Q

PRIMARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

A

Amino acid sequence | bonds: covalent peptide

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14
Q

SECONDARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

A

Local folding of polypeptide | bonds: Hydrogen and peptide

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15
Q

TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

A

three-dimensional conformation | bonds: disulfide, hydrogen and ionic | interactions: van Der Waals and hydrophobic

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16
Q

QUARTERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

A

Interactions between monomeric proteins to form a multimeric unit | bonds: disulfide, hydrogen and ionic | interactions: van Der Waals and hydrophobic

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17
Q

EXAMPLE OF ALMOST SIMILAR ISOMERIC COMPOUNDS

A

Ethanol has an oxygen while Ethane does not

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18
Q

LIST BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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19
Q

What is the special type of reaction all macromolecules have in common to put them together?

A

Condensation/Dehydration

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20
Q

What is the special type of reaction all macromolecules have in common to break them apart?

A

Hydrolysis

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21
Q

POLYSACCHARIDE’S MONOMER

A

Monosaccharide

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22
Q

POLYSACCHARIDE’S FUNCTION

A

Storage (alpha) and structure (beta)

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23
Q

DEFINE DOMAIN

A

a focused area in a protein with a specific function

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24
Q

WHAT BOND IS SEEN IN A POLYSACCHARIDE

A

Glycosidic

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25
d-glucose is often depicted as a linear molecule, as in the
Fischer projection
26
shows the ring form of the molecule
Haworth projection
27
DISACCHARIDE AND EXAMPLE
2 monosaccharide units are covalently linked | maltose, lactose and sucrose
28
aldose, ketose, triose, pentose, hexose are example of
Monosaccharides
29
starch, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose, chitin are examples of
Polysaccharides
30
Pyruvic acid is an example of
a derivative of glucose
31
What is the structure of a sugar
Disaccharide (to monosaccharides linked together)
32
Common chemical formula for carbohydrate
Cn H2n On
33
Trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, heptoses (sugars with how many carbons?)
3,4,5,6,7
34
Most common monosaccharide?
aldohexose d-glucose
35
Name the different forms of carbohydrate molecules
Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
36
The three main functions of polysaccharides are
providing structural support, storing energy, and sending cellular communication signals
37
The tertiary structure is primarily due to
interactions between the R groups of the amino acids that make up the protein
38
The amino acid sequence determines their three-dimensional structure in which protein structure
Tertiary
39
what makes the 20 different amino acids
Polarity of the R group
40
general structure of an amino acid involves
Amino group (N-terminus) and carboxyl group (C-terminus)
41
4 families of amino acids
Non polar & neutral, polar & neutral, acidic and polar, basic and polar
42
Characteristics of R group
Hyrophobic, hydrophilic polar, Hydrophilic, charge/polar
43
Function of nucleic acids
store, transmit and express genetic information
44
Examples of N.A.
DNA and RNA
45
RNA contains
five-carbon sugar ribose
46
DNA contains
related sugar deoxyribose
47
DNA function
serves as the repository of genetic information
48
RNA function
RNA plays several roles in expressing genetic information
49
What is a nucleoside
sugar + base
50
What is a nucleotide
phosphate + nucleoside
51
Nucleotide diphosphate
2 phosphates instead of 1
52
Nucleotide triphosphate
3 phosphates instead of 1
53
Examples of nucleotides
AMP, ADP, ATP
54
CENTRAL DOGMA
DNA -----(transcription)-----RNA-----(translation)-----protein
55
Protein synthesis occurs when and where
During translation in the cytoplasm
56
Types of RNA
tRNA (transfer, mRNA (messenger) rRNA (ribosomal)
57
Phosphate is on which end of the DNA
5 prime
58
Hydroxyl is on which end of the DNA
3 prime
59
Complementary bases and their bonds
AT (2 hydrogen) , GC (3 hydrogen) and AU
60
The six classes of lipids
``` Fatty acids Triacylglycerols Phospholipids Glycolipids Steroids Terpines ```
61
R groups in phosphoglycerides
serine, ethanolamine, choline, inositol, sphingolipids, sphingosine, cholesterol, steroid hormones, isoprene
62
Function of a lipid
energy storage, membrane structure, or specific biological functions (such as signal transmission)
63
saturated fatty acids structure
each carbon atom in the chain is bonded to the maximum number of hydrogens (STRAIGHT)
64
Unsaturated fatty acids structure
have one or more double bonds, so they have bends in the chains and are less tightly packed (HAVE A BEND)
65
Trans fats
are a type of unsaturated fatty acid with a particular type of double bond that causes less of a bend in the chain
66
Phospholipids are important to
membrane structure because they are amphipathic
67
Amphipathic
having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
68
Triglyceride is made of
of a glycerol "backbone"
69
Cholesterol is a
structural component of cell membrane
70
Fats are used as storage molecules because
they give more ATP per molecule, they take less space to store and are less heavy than glucose

C&M Bio (3 decks)

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