Chapter 3 Flashcards
Unitary Governments
A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government
Federalism
A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people-shared power between units of government
Intergovernmental Relations
The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments
Supremacy Clause
Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within limits
Tenth Amendement
States that “The powers not delegated to the U.S by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively”
McCulloch v. Maryland
1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments
Enumerated Powers
Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution
Implied Powers
Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution
Elastic Clause
The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8 which authorizes Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out enumerated powers
Gibbons v. Ogden
Landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article 1, Section 8 giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce
Full Faith and Credit
Requires each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts of other states
Extradition
Legal process whereby all alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime was committed
Privileges and immunities
A clause in the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states
Dual Federalism
System of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
Cooperative Federalism
System of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly
