Chapter 3

Question 1

20 classes including star fish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc

Answer 1

Echinoderms

Question 2

Characterized by a calcium carbonate skeleton and secondary radial symmetry

Spiny

Answer 2

Echinoderms

Question 3

Subphylum also termed enteropneusta (acorn worms)

Answer 3

Hemichordates

Question 4

Three classes of filter feeders with notochord confined to tail in the free-swimming larval form

Answer 4

Urochordates (tunicata)

Question 5

Also known as sea squirts or tunicates covered w/ tunic of cellulose like tunicin

Best known class and only one that undergoes complete metamorphosis

Answer 5

Ascidians

Question 6

Small planktonic individuals

Answer 6

Larvaceans, thaliaceans

Question 7

Live in gelatinous matrix with screens for water to come in and go out

Answer 7

Larvaceans

Question 8

Non feeders; trunk with immature viscera and notochord-stiffened tail with uninucleated striated muscle fibers (multinucleate in vertebrates)

Answer 8

Larval sea squirts

Question 9

Larval sea squirts nervous system

Answer 9

Dorsal hollow nerve cord, several ganglia, plus nerves, and a brain w/ a sensory vehicle that houses an otolith and an ocellus

Question 10

Otolith

Answer 10

Stratoreception

Question 11

Ocellus

Answer 11

Light reception

Question 12

How does water move through a larval sea squirt

Answer 12

Exterior water> mouth> bronchial basket(pharynx)> gills lining the pharyngeal slits> atrium(chamber surrounding pharynx)> exits via atriopore

Question 13

Has 3 adhesive Padilla to attach larva to substrate to undergo metamorphosis

Answer 13

Larval sea squirt

Question 14

Notocord and tail is resorbed and both nervous system and viscera are rearranged

Answer 14

Adult sea squirt

Question 15

How does an adult sea squirt eat

Answer 15

Filter feeding- food particles trapped in mucus from the endostyle and moved by cilia into stomach

Question 16

How does water move through adult sea squirt

Answer 16

Respiratory water> incurrent siphon> over gills> atrium> excurrent siphon

Question 17

How does blood flow in adult sea squirt

Answer 17

Blood flows back and forth to distribute gasses and nutrients.

Different from other animals that have 1 way blood flow

Question 18

What is a cloaca

Answer 18

Sewer (sees urine and fecal material)

Question 19

What are thaliaceans

Answer 19

Free living, but goes through changes

No gonad, just bud

Question 20

2 lower subphylum of Phylum chordata with bilateral symmetry, duterosome development, notochord, dorsal hollow CNS, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail, endostyle (no vertebrae)

Answer 20

Protochordates

Question 21

Urochordata class thaliacea reproduction

Answer 21

Buds- no gonad

Question 22

Thaliaceans water flow

Answer 22

Bronchial and atrial siphon at opposite ends

Feeding current of water turns into a modest propulsive jet

Question 23

How do cephalochordates eat

Answer 23

H20 in pharynx> paryngeal slits> atrium> midventral atriopore> exterior

Question 24

How does respiration occur in amphixous lancelet, cephalochordates

Answer 24

Respiration occurs through the skin

The pharynx does not have a respiratory function

Question 25

Integument (skin) has a single layer of epithelial cells; thin dermis; connective tissue/muscle

Answer 25

Amphixous