Chapter 3

Question 1

Ionic Bond

Ionic Compound

Answer 1

When a metal loses an electron it becomes positively charged and a nonmetal gains an electron is becomes negatively charged. These oppositely charged ions then attract and form an ionic bond.

A three-dimensional array of alternating cations and anions

Question 2

Covalent Bond

Molecular Compound

Answer 2

When a nonmetal bonds with another nonmetal neither transfers its electron to the other. Instead, a covalent bond is formed where they share their electrons

Covalent atoms form a molecule of covalent bonds, but these molecules are not covalently bound to each other and therefore is a molecular compound.

Question 3

Write Formula for Ionic Compound

Answer 3

1.) Cations = Anions
2.) Compound must have smallest whole-number ration of ions unless one is a BrINClHOF
3.)Swap and Drop

E.x: Al³⁺ + O²⁻ -> Al₂O₃

Question 4

Naming a Binary Ionic Compound Where Metal only has One Type of Ion/Cation

Answer 4

Name = Name of Cation/Metal + (Base Name of Anion/Nonmetal + ide)

E.x: KCl -> Potassium Chloride

Question 5

Naming a Binary Ionic Compound Where Metal has more than one kind of Ion/Cation

Answer 5

Name = Name of Cation/Metal + (Charge of Cation/Metal in Roman Numerals) + (Base Name of Anion/Nonmetal + ide)

E.x:
CrBr₃ -> Chromium (III) Bromide
CuO -> Copper (II) Oxide (Check Charge of Elements)

Question 6

Naming Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions

Answer 6

Use name of polyatomic ion when it appears

E.x: FeSO₄ -> Iron (II) Sulfate

Question 7

Naming Molecular Compounds (Two nonmetals)

Answer 7

Name = (Prefix + Name of 1st Element) + (Prefix + base name of second element + ide)

Prefixes:
Mono, Di, Tri, Tetra, Penta, Hexa, Hepta, Octa, Nona, Deca

E.x: N₂O -> Dinitrogen Monoxide

Question 8

Naming Binary Acids (two elements H + nonmetal)

Answer 8

Hydro + Base Name of nonmetal + ic) Acid

E.x: HBr -> Hydrobromic acid

Question 9

Naming Oxyacids (H + nonmetal + oxygen)
(Oxyanions = Nonmetal+Oxygen)
(2 Forms)

Answer 9

1.) Oxyanions ending with -ate
Name = (Base Name of Oxyanion + ic) + Acid

E.x: HNO₃ -> Nitric Acid

2.) Oxyanions ending with -ite
Name = (Base Name of Oxyanion + ous) + Acid

E.x: H₂SO₃ -> Sulfurous Acid

Question 10

Find Empirical Formula

Answer 10

1.) Convert Atom Percentages to grams 99%=.99g
2.)Convert Grams to moles (Molar Mass)
3.)Divide all atoms by smallest number of moles
If result is within .1 of whole number -> round
4.)Write formulas using moles as subscript
5.) multiply all mole rations by a number to make a whole number

Question 11

Find Percent Composition

Answer 11

1.) Find molar mass of particular atom
2.) Find total molar of compound
3.) Divide molar mass of atom by total mass of compound

Question 12

Hydrocarbon

Answer 12

Cx, Hx
Ex: CH4, C2H4

Question 13

Alcohols

Answer 13

CxHx-OH
Ex: CH3CH2-OH

Question 14

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 14

-C-OH (Double bonded oxygen with carbon)

Question 15

Combustion Analysis

Answer 15

1.) Convert H20 & CO2 Grams to Moles
2.) Convert Moles of CO2 -> moles of C (1mol C/1mol CO2)
Convert Moles of H2) -> Moles of H (2mol H/1mol H20)
3.)IF compound contains oxygen -> convert moles of C&H to grams. Then add them and subtract from total mass to get grams of oxygen
4.) convert grams of oxygen to mols of oxygen
5.) Find empirical formula: Divide by smallest mole number to find whole number ration