chapter 3

Question 1

is the transfer of basic
nutrients from cell to cell.

Answer 1

Short-distance transport

Question 2

usually via xylem and phloem,
is adaptive for land plants.

Answer 2

Long-distance transport,

Question 3

make it
selectively advantageous
for shoots to grow upright.

Answer 3

Vascular tissues

Question 4

inhibit movement
of substances.

Answer 4

Isolation
mechanisms

Question 5

prevent
harmful
minerals
diffusing
inward. in the roots

Answer 5

Casparian
strips

Question 6

is the random movement of particles in
solution from areas of high concentration
to areas of low concentration

Answer 6

Diffusion

Question 7

Diffusion through a selectively permeable
membrane is technically known as

Answer 7

osmosis

Question 8

allow
only certain
substances to pass
through.

Answer 8

Selectively
permeable
membranes

Question 9

Water molecules
pass through all
membranes, but
pass more rapidly
if the membrane
has protein
channels called

Answer 9

aquaporins

Question 10

To move molecules against their gradient, energy
(via ATP) is necessary; this is

Answer 10

active transport

Question 11

can be a means of intracellular transport.

Answer 11

vesicles

Question 12

either primary or secondary, are
always strong enough to resist breakage by water absorption

Answer 12

cell wall

Question 13

is the point at which the protoplast has lost
enough water to pull slightly away from the wall.

Answer 13

Incipient plasmolysis

Question 14

If the cell continues to lose water, the protoplast pulls completely
away from the wall and shrinks.

The cell is

Answer 14

plasmolyzed.

Question 15

Living plant cells pass some materials to each other
through

Answer 15

plasmodesmata

Question 16

are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata

Answer 16

guard cells

Question 17

The location of flexure is either the entire midrib or either point of
petiole attachment, “joints,” called

Answer 17

motor cells

Question 18

are specialized parenchyma cells that have an increased surface area, due to infoldings of the plasma membrane.

Answer 18

transfer cells

Question 19

Within sources of most plants, sugars are loaded
into ____________ via active transport or
polymer trapping.

Answer 19

sieve tube members

Question 20

are the cells associated with the sieve tube elements.

Answer 20

companion cells

Question 21

is a type of tissue consists of cells that carry out an essential function.

Answer 21

parenchyma cells.

Question 22

The actual amount of sugars and other nutrients (excluding water)
transported by phloem per hour is called the

Answer 22

mass transfer

Question 23

As sugars accumulate in the STM a disequilibrium builds and water
moves into the STM as a result.

Pressure produced by water movement into these cells causes the

Answer 23

protoplasm

Question 24

P-protein plugs or_____ may plug the
sieve plate or sieve area

Answer 24

callose

Question 25

consists primarily of sugars, hormones, and mineral elements dissolved in water. It flows from where carbohydrates are produced or stored (sugar source) to where they are used (sugar sinks).

Answer 25

phloem sap

Question 26

Storage cells do not accumulate sugar as

Answer 26

sucrose

Question 27

are groups of cells that will form into new leaves.

Answer 27

Leaf primordia

Question 28

The polar covalent bonds of water molecules are responsible for both its cohesive and adhesive nature. true or false.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

is the most widely accepted model for transport of water through the xylem.

Answer 29

the cohesion

Question 30

Water unavoidably escapes through stomata; this is called

Answer 30

transstomatal transpiration.

Question 31

is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem.

Answer 31

xylem

Question 32

If both soil and air are dry, stomata may close, but _______ still occurs.

Answer 32

cuticular transpiration

Question 33

the loss of water in the form of water vapor through the cuticle is known as

Answer 33

cuticular transpiration

Question 34

Hydrogen bonding is broken over a large area, and the water column breaks. This breaking is called

Answer 34

cavitation