Chapter 3

Question 1

Centrifugation of urine

Answer 1

400 RCF for 5 min

Question 2

Type of microscope used for urine sediments with low refractive indices (hyaline casts, mixed cellular casts, mucous threads & trichomonas

Also used for platelet count

Answer 2

Phase-contrast microscopy

Question 3

Used for identification of cholesterol in oval fat bodies, fatty casts, and crystals in urine

Answer 3

Polarizing microscopy

Question 4

This type of microscope is used for the identification of Treponema pallidum

Answer 4

Darkfield microscopy

Question 5

This type of microscope produces a three-dimensional microscopy-image and layer-by-layer imaging specimen

Answer 5

Interference contrast

Question 6

Differential-interference contrast

Answer 6

Nomarski

Question 7

Modulation contrast

Answer 7

Hoffman

Question 8

This part of the microscope regulates the intensity of light

Answer 8

Rheostat

Question 9

This part of the microscope perform the initial magnification of specimen

Answer 9

Objective

Question 10

This part of the microscope control the amount of light and angle of light that will pass through the specimen and lens

Answer 10

Aperture diaphragm

Question 11

Sternheimer stain is composed of

Answer 11

Crystal violet & Safranin

Question 12

Hansel stain is composed of

Answer 12

Methylene blue & Eosin Y

Question 13

This stains eosinophilic granules in urine

Answer 13

Hansel stain

Question 14

This stain enhances nuclear details

Answer 14

Toluidine blue

Question 15

This stains structure containing iron

Answer 15

Prussian blue

Question 16

Swollen/ghost cell/shadow cell is found in

Answer 16

Hypotonic urine

Question 17

WBC are distinguished from RBC using what reagent?

Answer 17

2% Acetic acid (Lyse RBC)

Question 18

These are pale blue leukocytes seen in dilute or hypotonic urine usually producing a sparkling appearance in their cytoplasm

Answer 18

Glitter cell

Question 19

___ eosinophils is significant associated with drug induced interstitial nephritis (UTI & Renal transplant)

Answer 19

> 1% Eosinophil

Question 20

Also known as transitional epithelial cells

Answer 20

Urothelial/Caudate

Question 21

These are squamous epithelial cells studded with Gardnerella vaginalis

Answer 21

Clue cells

Question 22

These are lipid-containing renal tubular cells found in lipiduria

Answer 22

OVAL FAT BODIES

Question 23

These are renal tubular epithelial cell containing large, nonlipid filled vacuoles

Answer 23

Bubble cells

Question 24

Casts are primarily formed within the lumen of

Answer 24

DCT & CD

Question 25

Casts with tapered ends produced at the junction of ascending loop of Henle & DCT

Answer 25

Cylindroid

Question 26

What type of cast is present even in the mildest kind of renal disease

Answer 26

Hyaline cast

Question 27

This cast is made up of RTE cells attached to a protein matrix

Answer 27

Epithelial cells

Question 28

Known as the renal failure cast

Answer 28

Broad cast

Question 29

This cast indicates destruction (widening) of the tubular walls

Answer 29

Broad cast

Question 30

These are smooth, colorless, usually ovoid cells with doubly refractile walls

Answer 30

Yeast cells

Question 31

Most frequent parasite encountered in the urine associated with “ping-pong” dx

Answer 31

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 32

Most common fecal contaminant in urine

Answer 32

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 33

Normal urine microscopic findings RBC: WBC: Hyaline Cast:

Answer 33

RBC: 0-2/HPF WBC: 0-5/HPF Hyaline cast: 0-2/LPF

Question 34

Crystal with brick dust appearance

Answer 34

AmOrphous urates

Question 35

Appear as octahedral envelope or two pyramids joined at their bases (Form of CaOx)

Answer 35

Dihydrate or Weddelite

Question 36

Monohydrate form of Ca Ox is seen in cases of

Answer 36

Ethylene Glycol/Anti-freeze agent poisoning

Question 37

This crystal appear as tiny granular spheres often in pairs (dumbbell forms) or tetrads

Answer 37

Calcium carbonate

Question 38

Chorionic gonadotropin is what kind of hormone?

Answer 38

Glycoprotein hormone

Question 39

This subunit of chorionic gonadotropin is structurally similar to luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 39

Alpha chain

Question 40

Pregnancy detects?

Answer 40

Beta HCG

Question 41

B-HCG peaks at

Answer 41

First trimester of pregnancy

Question 42

Minimum length of scrubbing in handwashing

Answer 42

15 to 20 sec