Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories in 1787 and established guidelines under which new territories could be admitted to the Union as states.

A

Northwest Ordinance

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2
Q

land acquisition made under President Thomas Jefferson that was the United States’ largest land purchase, roughly doubling the country’s size.

A

Louisiana Purchase

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3
Q

War fought against Great Britain in response to British impressment of US sailors and Native American resistance to US settlement that many in the West saw as being encouraged by the British.

A

War of 1812

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4
Q

military hero of the War of 1812 and eventually the president who would sanction the removal of the Cherokee people from the southeastern United States.

A

Andrew Jackson

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5
Q

victory won by Andrew Jackson at the end of the War of 1812; it was actually fought after a treaty had been signed but before it had been ratified.

A

Battle of New Orleans

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6
Q

Statement in which President James Monroe stated that the United States would not tolerate European intervention in the affairs of any independent nation in the Americas. He also made it clear that the American continents were no longer open to European colonization and that the US would view any future attempts to colonize as acts of aggression. Finally, the president
promised that the United States would not interfere in the internal affairs of other American countries, nor in those of European nations

A

Monroe Doctrine

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7
Q

Compromise meant to maintain the balance of power between slave and free states which declared that Missouri would be admitted to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state. In addition, the southern boundary of Missouri, 36°30’ N, would become a dividing line for any new states admitted to the Union. All new states north of that line would be free states, while those to the south would be slave states.

A

Missouri Compromise

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8
Q

After Texas won its independence from Mexico, many in the US wanted to annex the territory, and most Texans wanted to be annexed as well. The issue was controversial, however, because northern free states did not want Texas admitted as a slave territory. Eventually, a joint resolution of Congress approved annexation just prior to James K. Polk becoming president.

A

Texas Annexation

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9
Q

Territory that was claimed by both Great Britain and the United States. Many settlers moved there in search of gold and other rich resources that the land offered.

A

Oregon Territory

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10
Q

Treaty ending US war with Mexico which required Mexico to surrender the New Mexico and California territories to the United States in exchange for financial compensation

A

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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11
Q

Purchase negotiated by James Gadsden at the direction of President Franklin Pierce that gave the United States parts of present-day New Mexico and Arizona in exchange for $10 million.

A

Gasden Purchase

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12
Q

Compromise that allowed California to be admitted as a free state, instituted popular sovereignty in the Utah and New Mexico territories, and established the Fugitive Slave Law.

A

Compromise of 1850

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13
Q

Native American tribe that lived in parts of the Carolinas and Georgia, adapted to white culture more than any other tribe, and which had helped Andrew Jackson during the War of 1812. They were eventually forced to relocate to Oklahoma under the Indian Removal Act. Many Cherokee people died during the journey.

A

Cherokee

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14
Q

Name given to the journey of the Cherokee people as they were forced under the Indian Removal Act to move from their homes in the Carolinas and Georgia to march west to reservations in Oklahoma. It was so named because over one quarter of the Cherokee people died from disease, starvation, and exposure to the bitter cold along the way.

A

Trail of Tears

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15
Q

A machine that separated seeds from cotton. The gin made cotton the most profitable crop in the South and resulted in the region becoming known as a “cotton kingdom.”

A

Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney

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16
Q

differences that arise between different regions of the country economically, culturally, politically, etc

A

Sectionalism

17
Q

system in which plantations and agriculture relying heavily on slavery are the basis for a region’s economy

A

Plantation System

18
Q

system that relies on manufacturing and factory mass production for economic survival

A

Industrialization

19
Q

taxes imposed on imported products

A

Tarriffs

20
Q

A plan designed to unite the nation and make it more economically independent following the War of 1812. It called for a tariff to protect the nation’s young manufacturing industry; internal improvements, such as better canals and roadways funded by the federal government’s tariff revenue; and a strong national bank because the charter for the first national bank had expired. The plan caused division because, while many Northerners supported the plan, Southerners tended to oppose it because they saw the tariffs as benefiting northern businesses at the expense of southern farmers. They also believed that it gave far too much power to the federal government. Meanwhile, those in the West also felt that the plan was designed to help eastern business interests at the expense of other regions of the country

A

Henry Clays American System

21
Q

military hero of the War of 1812 and eventually the president who would sanction the removal of the Cherokee people from the southeastern United States.

A

Andrew Jackson

22
Q

Jackson’s brand of politics and the changes he inspired. It included a strong belief in western expansion and the rights of white frontier settlers. Jacksonian Democracy featured: universal suffrage, the spoils system, laissez-faire economics, Indian removal, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

A

Jacksonian Democracy

23
Q

Jackson and his followers’ belief that all white men should be free to vote, not just those who owned property.

A

Universal Male Suffrage

24
Q

opposed by President Andrew Jackson because it favored big business over poorer Americans.

A

Second National Bank

25
Q

reform movement that initially promoted the moderation of alcohol use, and eventually called for total abstinence.

A

Temperance Movement

26
Q

reform movement to end slavery throughout the US.

A

Abolitionism

27
Q

reform movement advocating the rights of women that arose in the mid-1800s at the Seneca Falls Convention with women like Susan B. Anthony

A

Womens Rights Movement

28
Q

In this speech as the first President, Washington stated his belief in remaining neutral, avoiding sectionalism, and avoiding political parties.

A

Washington Farewell Address