Chapter 3 Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
ankyl/o
A
crooked, bent, stiff
2
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
3
Q
burs/o
A
bursa
4
Q
chondr/i, chondr/o
A
cartilage
5
Q
cost/o
A
rib
6
Q
crani/o
A
skull
7
Q
-desis
A
to bind, tie together
8
Q
kyph/o
A
bent, hump
9
Q
lord/o
A
curve, swayback, bent
10
Q
Lumb/o
A
lumbar, lower back
11
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord, bone marrow
12
Q
oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o
A
bone
13
Q
scoli/o
A
curved, bent
14
Q
spondyl/o
A
vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
15
Q
synovi/o, synov/o
A
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
16
Q
cells that break down old or damaged bone
A
osteoclast
17
Q
cells that help rebuild the bone
A
osteoblast
18
Q
repairs minor damage from normal activity and also repairs bones after injuries, such as fractures
A
ossification
19
Q
second hardest tissue in the human body; capable of growth, healing, and reshaping itself
A
bone, connective tissue
20
Q
dense, hard, and very strong bone; forms the protective outer layer of bones
A
compact bone, aka cortical bone
21
Q
porous, making lighter and weaker than compact bone; more susceptible to fractures; commonly contains red bone marrow
A
spongy bone, aka cancellous bone
22
Q
central cavity located in the shaft of long bones and surrounded by compact bone; red and yellow bone marrow stored here
A
medullary cavity
23
Q
tissue that lines the medullary cavity
A
endosteum
24
Q
hematopoietic tissue; located within the spongy bone; manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
A
red bone marrow
25
functions as a fat storage area; gradually replaces about half of red bone marrow after early adolescence
yellow bone marrow
26
covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate; makes smooth joint movement possible; protects the bones from rubbing against each other
articular cartilage
27
curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints; examples: knee and temporomandibular joint of the jaw
meniscus
28
smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue
cartilage
29
shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
30
wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs
epiphyses
31
end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body
proximal epiphysis
32
end of the bone located farthest away from the midline of the
body
distal epiphysis
33
opening through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
foramen
34
normal projection on the surface of a bone, most commonly serves as an attachment of a muscle or tendon
process
35
how many bones does the adult skeleton have?
206
36
protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems, 80 bones
axial skeleton
37
five groups of the axial skeleton
Bones of the skull
Ossicles (bones) of the middle ear
Hyoid bone
Rib cage
Vertebral column
38
makes body movement possible; protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction; consists of 126 bones
appendicular skeleton
39
groups of the appendicular skeleton
Upper extremities (shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands)
Lower extremities (hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet)
40
anything that is attached to a major part of the body
appendage
41
the terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg
extremity
42
bones of the cranium
frontal, parietal, occipital, external
auditory meatus sphenoid, and ethmoid
43
auditory ossicles
Malleus, incus, and stapes
Three tiny bones located in the middle
ear
44
bones of the face
nasal, zygomatic, maxillary, palatine,
lacrimal, inferior conchae, vomer, and
mandible
45
first seven pairs attached anteriorly to the sternum
true ribs
46
next three pairs attached anteriorly to cartilage that connects to the
sternum
false ribs
47
only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae but are not attached
anteriorly
floating ribs
48
forms the upper portion of the sternum
manubrium
49
cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
50
how many bones are in the fingers?
14
51
how many vertebrae are there in the spinal column?
26
52
first seven vertebrae; form the neck
cervical
53
T1 through T12; have ribs attached
thoracic
54
L1 through L5; form inward curve
lumbar
55
triangular bone near base of spine
sacrum
56
tailbone; forms the end of the spine
coccyx
57
uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating
health problems by spinal manipulation
osteopath
58
loss or absence of mobility
ankylosis
59
frozen shoulder; ankylosis caused by adhesions
adhesive capsulitis
60
abnormal softening of cartilage
chondromalacia
61
popliteal cyst; fluid-filled sac behind the knee
baker's cyst
62
inflammation of cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum
costochondritis
63
bunion; abnormal enlargement of the base joint of the great toe
hallux valgus
64
blood within a joint
hemarthrosis
65
inflammatory disorder of muscles and
joints
polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
66
partial displacement of a bone from its joint
subluxation
67
occurs when the bone is pressed together
(compressed) on itself
compression fracture
67
occurs when the bone is pressed together
(compressed) on itself
compression fracture
68
colles fracture
broken wrist; often occurs when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on the hand
69
simple fracture or a complete
fracture; no open wound in the skin
closed fracture
70
compound fracture; open wound in the skin
open fracture
71
bone is splintered or crushed
comminuted fracture
72
bone does not break into two separate pieces; occurs primarily in children
incomplete fracture
73
one side of the bone is broken and the other side is only bent
greenstick fracture
74
affected side of the bone is compressed and buckles but does not break
buckle fracture (torus fracture)
75
occurs at an angle across the bone
oblique fracture
76
bone weakened by osteoporosis or cancer breaks under normal strain
pathologic fracture
77
complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart; occurs as the result of a severe twisting motion
spiral fracture
78
small crack in bone that develops from chronic, excessive impact
stress fracture (overuse injury)
79
occurs straight across, perpendicular to the shaft of the bone
transverse fracture
80
fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
fat embolus
81
grating sound heard when ends of a broken bone move together
crepitation (crepitus)
82
bulging deposit around the area of the break that forms as bone heals
callus
83
used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
84
low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips; produces more accurate results than ultrasonic bone density testing
dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
