Chapter 3

Question 1

Any compound that is carbon based is considered this. Some examples include carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Answer 1

Organic Compounds

Question 2

Since there are 4 valence electrons there is a lot of this going on

Answer 2

Carbon Reactivity

Question 3

A compound that is made up of ONLY carbon and hydrogen

Answer 3

hydrocarbon

Question 4

The most common hydrocarbon. The formula is CH4

Answer 4

methane

Question 5

The general term for LARGE molecule

Answer 5

macromolecule

Question 6

These are the parts of a compound that react or play a role in a reaction. An example would be OH-, or -COOH

Answer 6

functional groups.

Question 7

The general term for building blocks. Examples include monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides

Answer 7

monomer

Question 8

Many building blocks (monomers) joined together will form this

Answer 8

polymer

Question 9

What is happening here:

monomer + monomer –> polymer + water

Answer 9

Dehydration Reaction

Question 10

What is happening here:

polymer + water –> monomer + monomer

Answer 10

Hydrolysis

Question 11

This is a group of macromolecules that is responsible for giving us energy. They can be simple or complex.

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

Building blocks(monomer) for carbohydrates

Answer 12

monoscaccharides

Question 13

Something that consists of two monosaccharides. An example is lactose.

Answer 13

disaccharide

Question 14

More than two monosaccharides joined together. Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose are examples.

Answer 14

Polysaccharide

Question 15

Monosaccharides are often called _________________________ because they give immediate energy. An example is glucose.

Answer 15

simple sugars

Question 16

This is a common complex carbohydrate found in foods like potatoes, and pasta. Slow releasing energy.

Answer 16

starch

Question 17

Candy, Fruit, Desserts are all….

Answer 17

food with simple sugars

Question 18

Veggies, Pasta, Grains are all…

Answer 18

foods with starch

Question 19

This is a polysaccharide that is often referred to as fiber. It cannot be digested but is needed to help keep the digestive system flowing or regular.

Answer 19

Cellulose

Question 20

These are hydrophobic molecules that include fats and steroids.

Answer 20

lipids

Question 21

This means water fearing

Answer 21

hydrophobic

Question 22

This mean water loving

Answer 22

hydrophilic

Question 23

One glycerol and three fatty acids will join to create this.

Answer 23

fat (triglyceride)

Question 24

This is a chain of carbons without double bonds where it is full of hydrogen

Answer 24

saturated fatty acid

Question 25

A condition where the arteries clog because of saturated fats.

Answer 25

atherosclerosis

Question 26

A chain of carbons that has double bonds and it is not completely full of hydrogen .

Answer 26

unsaturated fatty acid

Question 27

A group of lipids that are made of 4 fused rings. They are often used to form hormones. They do increase muscle growth and some can be used to treat sickness.

Answer 27

Steroids

Question 28

Macromolecule that is responsible for most functions of the body. Helps to build and repair. Made up of amino acids

Answer 28

proteins

Question 29

The monomers for proteins

Answer 29

amino acids

Question 30

This is what holds amino acids together

Answer 30

peptide bond

Question 31

A chain of amino acids is called this _______________. It is not called the protein until the protein folds into its shape.

Answer 31

polypeptide

Question 32

This determines the function of a protein

Answer 32

protein shape

Question 33

A disorder that is caused when the 6th amino acid in the hemoglobin protein is changed. Causes a misshape in the red blood cell which can result in the cells sticking together and not hold enough oxygen.

Answer 33

sickle cell

Question 34

The process in which something like temperature causes a protein to change its shape will lead it to not function the proper way.

Answer 34

denaturation

Question 35

This is the macromolecule that contains all the information our body needs. DNA and RNA are examples

Answer 35

nucleic acids

Question 36

The monomers of nucleic acid. Each one consist of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

Answer 36

nucleotide

Question 37

The sugar found in DNA

Answer 37

deoxyribose

Question 38

The sugar found in RNA

Answer 38

ribose

Question 39

DNA: Double Stranded/Double Helix/ Sugar is deoxyribose RNA: Single Stranded/ Sugar is Ribose/ Has U instead of T

Answer 39

DNA vs. RNA

Question 40

The sides of the DNA are referred to as the

Answer 40

sugar phosphate backbone

Question 41

Animals such as pigs, beef, duck are all...

Answer 41

sources of saturated fat

Question 42

Plants and fish are ...

Answer 42

sources of unsaturated fat

Question 43

There are 20 amino acids and this is what makes them different.

Answer 43

Side Group

Question 44

The process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats to make them solid.

Answer 44

hydrogenation

Question 45

The carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates are always found in this ratio.

Answer 45

1:2:1

Question 46

This is the element that is found in proteins but not carbohydrates, and lipids.

Answer 46

Nitrogen

Question 47

People that cannot break down a specific sugar found in milk are said to be

Answer 47

lactose intolerant

Question 48

Used to find out if a simple sugar is present. Liquid will change from blue to reddish brown when heated.

Answer 48

benedict test

Question 49

Will create a very dark spot in the presence of starch

Answer 49

Iodine Test

Question 50

Causes a change of color from blue to violet when there is protein.

Answer 50

Biuret Test

Question 51

This is surgically created in a cow to study the bacteria in the rumen (stomach) and to help other sick cows.

Answer 51

fistula