Chapter 4/5

Question 1

Who was one of the first people to look at cells under a microscope and come up with the term cells?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

This is a tool used to magnify an object 100’s to thousands of times than its original size. It was the first type of its kind made. Can look at living things under it.

Answer 2

Light Microscope

Question 3

This tool can magnify 100,000’s times the original size using particles. It is used to examine the outside/surface of an object.

Answer 3

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 4

This tool can magnify 100,000’s times the original size using particles. It is used to examine the inside of a cell.

Answer 4

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 5

This is the idea that all living things are made up of cells and all cells come from existing cells.

Answer 5

Cell Theory

Question 6

This type of cell is very simple and does not have a nucleus. An example is bacteria.

Answer 6

prokaryote

Question 7

These cells are complex and large. They have a nucleus and are the types of cells found in our body.

Answer 7

eukaryote

Question 8

This is the layer that that surrounds all cells. In animal and plant cells it is a phospholipid bilayer.

Answer 8

Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)

Question 9

All the structures that do a specific job in the cell

Answer 9

organelle

Question 10

This is the genetic material within a prokaryote

Answer 10

nucleoid

Question 11

The jelly like fluid in prokaryotes. No organelles

Answer 11

cytosol

Question 12

Jelly like fluid in the cell that includes the organelles

Answer 12

cytoplasm

Question 13

The cell membrane is made up of two layers called the _____________________. There is a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

Answer 13

phospholipid bilayer

Question 14

This is the membrane for the nucleus

Answer 14

Nuclear Envelope

Question 15

The brain of the cell. Has all of the information in it.

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

This is found in the nucleus and is responsible for making ribosome

Answer 16

nucleolus

Question 17

The long fibers of DNA that are uncoiled in the nucleus

Answer 17

chromatin

Question 18

This is coiled up DNA that is present when the cell is ready to divide.

Answer 18

chromosome

Question 19

This organelle is used for transport and is covered in ribosomes

Answer 19

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 20

This organelle is used for transport and does not have ribosomes

Answer 20

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 21

The many tiny organelles that are found in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER. They make proteins!!!

Answer 21

ribosome

Question 22

Organelle that will package and release different substances

Answer 22

Golgi Apparatus

Question 23

Organelle is filled with digestive enzymes that will break down foods and worn out organelles.

Answer 23

lysosomes

Question 24

sacs or bubbles that store substances in the cell

Answer 24

vesicle/vacuole

Question 25

Large compartment found in plants that stores mostly water but can hold wastes and nutrients

Answer 25

Central Vacuole

Question 26

POWER HOUSE!!! Uses food and turns it into useable energy.

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

Organelle in plants responsible for taking sunlight and turning it into food through a process called photosynthesis

Answer 27

chloroplast

Question 28

structure in plants that surround the cell membrane for shape and support.

Answer 28

cell wall

Question 29

only found in animals cells and help pull spindles when the cell is dividing.

Answer 29

centrioles

Question 30

Microfilaments and microtubules that are found throughout the cytoplasm to give the cell some shape and structure.

Answer 30

cytoskeleton

Question 31

hairlike structures that help with movement and filtering

Answer 31

cilia

Question 32

Tail/Whip like structure used for movement

Answer 32

flagella

Question 33

All the chemical reactions that are happening in a body

Answer 33

metabolism

Question 34

A type of protein that helps speeds up reactions. Their names usually end in "ase"

Answer 34

enzymes

Question 35

The energy needed to get a reaction started

Answer 35

activation energy

Question 36

the place on the enzyme where the substrate will join.

Answer 36

active site

Question 37

The particle that reacts with the enzyme.

Answer 37

substrate

Question 38

This means that the substrate will join with the enzyme's specific shape. When it joins, it will cause the reaction to begin.

Answer 38

Induced fit

Question 39

These bind to active sites and prevent a reaction from occuring

Answer 39

enzyme inhibitor

Question 40

These are proteins in the cell membrane that help move things accross

Answer 40

transport proteins

Question 41

The movement of PARTICLES from high concentration to low concentration.

Answer 41

diffusion

Question 42

When particles are the same throughout but are moving evenly

Answer 42

equilibrium

Question 43

the movement of particles from high to low concentration through a membrane.

Answer 43

passive transport

Question 44

movement of particles from high to low concentration with the help of a protein channel

Answer 44

facilitated diffusion

Question 45

the movement of particles from low to high concentration. Particles are going AGAINST the gradient and need energy to occur.

Answer 45

active transport

Question 46

the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane

Answer 46

osmosis

Question 47

The substance that is in a solution. Example: salt, sugar

Answer 47

solute

Question 48

You have two solutions and this is the one solution that is higher in solute.

Answer 48

Hypertonic

Question 49

You have two solutions and this is the one solution that is lower in solute.

Answer 49

hypotonic

Question 50

You have two solutions and they are equal in solute.

Answer 50

isotonic

Question 51

something that only allows certain things through the membrane

Answer 51

semi-permeable

Question 52

The process in which cells take things in

Answer 52

endocytosis

Question 53

The process in which the cell releases substances out of the cell.

Answer 53

exocytosis