Chapter 3 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Why was Mendel successful in genetics?
He used the proper experimental model
Used an experimental approach and analysed the results mathematically
He studied easily differentiated characteristics
True or false? Mendel’s pea plants are a model species?
False
What is a gene?
A genetic factor (region if DNA) that help determine a characteristic
What is a locus?
A specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele
What is a genotype?
A set of alleles possessed by an individual organism
What is a heterozygote?
An individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus
What is a homozygote?
An individual organism possessing two of the same alleles at a locus.
What is a phenotype or trait?
The appearance or manifestation of a character
What is a character or characteristic?
An attribute or feature
What is a monohybrid cross?
A cross between two parents that differ in a single characteristic
What is true breeding?
When the parents are homozygous
What are the four conclusions Mendel came up with after his experiments?
One character is encoded by two genetic factors
Two genetic factors (alleles) separate when gametes are formed.
The concept of dominant and recessive aka that only the phenotype of one gene will be seen
Two alleles seperate with equal probability into the gametes
What is the principle of segregation?
Each individual diploid organism possesses two alleles for any particular characteristic. They segregate when gametes are formed and one allele goes into each gamete
What is the concept of dominance?
When two different alleles are present in a genotype, only one trait encoded by one if them is observed in the phenotype
Do alleles encoding different traits separate independently?
Yes
