Chapter 3

Question 1

What is self-concept ?

Answer 1

Our thoughts, beliefs or perceptions that we have of ourselves, and our relations to others

Question 2

What are the functions of the Self ?

Answer 2

Interpersonal tool, helps make choices, and self-regulation

Question 3

What are schemas ?

Answer 3

a script for how we expect to do things

Question 4

What are schematic schemas ?

Answer 4

Affected; care about it

Question 5

What are aschematic schemas ?

Answer 5

don’t really care or find it important

Question 6

What is the looking glass self ?

Answer 6

Other people serve as a mirror in which we see ourselves

Question 7

What are the sources of the self-concept ?

Answer 7

Introspection, self perception, influences of other people, autobiographical memory, and cultural perspectives

Question 8

What is introspection ?

Answer 8

A looking inward at one’s own thoughts and feelings

Question 9

What did Wilson state ?

Answer 9

Stated that we should focus on what you do not what you think

Question 10

What is affective forecasting ?

Answer 10

Imagining how you would feel if ‘X’ happened

Question 11

What is impact bias ?

Answer 11

People overestimate the strength and duration of their emotional reactions

Question 12

What is self perception ?

Answer 12

People can learn about themselves simply by watching their own behaviour

Question 13

Who created the self-perception theory?

Answer 13

Daryl Bem (1972)

Question 14

What is SOKA short for ?

Answer 14

Self-Other Knowledge Assymetry

Question 15

What is SOKA ?

Answer 15

Predicts that we know ourselves better than others do when it comes to traits that are “internal” and hard to observe and that there is no self-other difference when it comes to “external” triats

Question 16

What is the facial feedback hypothesis ?

Answer 16

States that changes in facial expressions can trigger corresponding changes in the subjective experience of emotion

Question 17

What is intrinsic motivation ?

Answer 17

Factors within a person; engage in activity for the sake of their own interest

Question 18

What is extrinsic motivation ?

Answer 18

Factors outside the person; engage in an activity as a means to an end, for tangible benefit

Question 19

What is the overjustification effect ?

Answer 19

The tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated w/ reward or other extrinsic factors

Question 20

What is the Social Comparison Theory ?

Answer 20

When uncertain about our abilitites or opinions, we evaluate self through comparisons with others who are similar to us

Question 21

Who made the Social Comparison Theory ?

Answer 21

Leon Festinger (1954)

Question 22

What is the Two-Factor Theory of Emotion ?

Answer 22

The theory that the experience of emotion is based on 2 factors: physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal

Question 23

What are Autobiographical Memories ?

Answer 23

The recollections of the sequences of events that have touched your life

Question 24

What type of memories do people often remember ?

Answer 24

Recent memories

Question 25

What is a reminiscence bump ?

Answer 25

In regards to older adults often remembering memories from when they were adolescents or early adults

Question 26

What are flashbulb memories ?

Answer 26

Term to describe these enduring, detailed, high-resolution recollections

Question 27

What is Individualism ?

Answer 27

values the virtues of independence, autonomy, and self-reliance

Question 28

What is Collectivism ?

Answer 28

values the virtues of interdependence, cooperation, and social harmony

Question 29

What is culture made up of ?

Answer 29

Ideas, Insititutions, Interactions, and Individuals

Question 30

Whats is Dialecticism ?

Answer 30

A system of thought characterized by the acceptance of such contradictions thorugh compromise

Question 31

What is self-esteem ?

Answer 31

self-appraisals of our own value or worth as a person

Question 32

What is the sociometer theory ?

Answer 32

Self-esteem is a gauge that monitors our social interactions and sends us signals as to whether our behaviour is acceptable to others

Question 33

What is the terror management theory ?

Answer 33

Humans cope with the fear of their own death by constructing worldviews that help to perserve their self-esteem

Question 34

What is the Self-Discrepancy Theory ?

Answer 34

Our self-esteem is defined by the match or mismatch b/w how we see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves

Question 35

Who made the self-discreancy theory ?

Answer 35

E.Tory Higgins (1989)

Question 36

What are the domains of self?

Answer 36

Actual. Ideal, Ought

Question 37

What is the self-awareness theory ?

Answer 37

Self-focused attention leads people to notice self-discrepancies, thereby motivating either an escape from self-awareness or a change in behaviour

Question 38

What is private self-consciousness ?

Answer 38

The tendency to introspect about our inner thoughts and feelings

Question 39

What is public self-consciousness ?

Answer 39

The tendency to focus on our outer public image

Question 40

What is self-regulation ?

Answer 40

The processes by which we seek to control or alter out thoughts, feelings, behaviours, and urges in order to live an acceptable social life

Question 41

What is the Better than Average effect ?

Answer 41

The pattern of people believing they are better than others

Question 42

What is Implicit Egotism ?

Answer 42

an unconscious and subtle expression of self-esteem

Question 43

What are self-serving biases ?

Answer 43

Tend to see ourselves very postiviely

Question 44

What is self-handicapping ?

Answer 44

actions people take to handicap their own performance in order to build an excuse for anticipated failure

Question 45

What is Basking in Reflected Glory ?

Answer 45

To increase self-esteem by associating w/ others who are successful

Question 46

What is Downward Social Comparison ?

Answer 46

The defensive tendency to compare ourselves with others who are worse off than we are

Question 47

What is self-presentation ?

Answer 47

The process by which we try to shape what other people think of us and what we think of ourselves

Question 48

What is self verification ?

Answer 48

The desire to have others perceive us as we truly perceive ourselves

Question 49

What is self-monitoring ?

Answer 49

The tendency to regulate one's own behaviour to meet the demands of social situations