Chapter 4 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is social perception ?
The process by which people come to understand one another
What are scripts ?
Enable us to anticipate the goals, behaviours, and outcomes likely to occur in a particular setting
What did Leslie Zebrowitz believe?
She believed that we associate babyish features with helplessness traits and then overgeneralize this expectation to baby-faced adults
What is Mind Perception ?
The process by which people attribute human-like mental states to various animate or inanimate objects, including other people
What is nonverbal behaviour ?
Behaviour that reveals a person’s feelings without words through facial expressions, body-language, and vocal cues
What is the attribution theory ?
A group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behaviour
What are personal attributions ?
attribution to internal characteristics of an actor
What are situational attributions ?
attribution to factors external to an actor
What is the Correspondent Inference Theory ?
Predicts that people try to infer from an action whether the act corresponds to an enduring personal trait of the actor
What are the 3 factors in the CIT ?
degree of choice, expectedness of the behaviour, and effects/consequences
What is the covariation principle ?
Holds that people attribute behaviour to factors that are present when a behaviour occurs and are absent when it doesn’t
What is consensus ?
see how different persons react to the same stimuli
What is distinctiveness ?
see how the same person reacts to different stimuli
What is consistency ?
see what happens to the behaviour at another time when the person and the stimulus both remain the same
What makes up external attributions ?
High consensus + High distinctiveness + Low consistency
What makes up internal attributions ?
Low consensus + Low distintiveness + High consistency
What are the 2 systems presented by Daniel Kahneman ?
System 1: quick, easy, automatic
System 2: Slow and controlled and requires attention and effort
What is cognitive heuristics ?
Information-processing rules of thumb that enable us to think in ways that are quick and easy but often lead to error
What is availibility heuristics ?
a tendency to estimate the odds that an event will occur by how easily instances of it popping to mind
What is false-consensus effect?
Tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attributes, and behaviours
What is the base-rate fallacy ?
The fact that people are relatively insensitive to numerical base rates, or probablities
What is counter-factual thinking ?
A tendency to imagine alternative outcomes that might have occured but did not
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error ?
The tendency to focus on the role of personal causes and underestimate the impact of situations on other people’s behaviour
What is the Actor-Observer effect ?
We can only see the situation when we are “acting” and we focus on the person when watching someone else
