Chapter 3 Flashcards by Joan Baludbod

A mechanical device that is used to form and record the rays of light ( as reflected by the objects) on the
film inside the light box.

CAMERA

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Simple design and construction, usually home-made consisting of a box having a small aperture functioning as a lens at one end, the image being projected on the film at the other end.

PIN HOLE CAMERA

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The camera’s lens is incorporated into the bellows,which is slid back and fort along a rail to change focus

The dark cloth covering the photographer and the box body of the camera blocks out undesirable light, which might otherwise interfere with the picture.

FOLDING CAMERA

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It uses a mirror that reflex an image of the scene upward onto viewing screen.

TWIN LENS REFLECT CAMERA

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This refers to a simple camera that is little more than a pinhole camera, the pinhole is replaced by the lens to enable the photographer lighter to be recorded.

BOX CAMERA

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It literally allows anyone to
capture beautiful images by simply pointing the camera at the subject by clicking the shutter. Also known as the point-and-shoot camera. It is the most user friendly of all camera types

COMPACT DIGITAL/POINT AND SHOOT CAMERAS

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cameras take photos too the next level of image quality. This more “serious” type of camera is best known for delivering remarkably sharp and spectacular images.

DIGITAL SINGLE LENS REFLEX (DSLR) CAMERAS

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The latest in professional cameras. They are basically more compact DSLR’s without the internal mirror that reflex light onto the sensor.

MIRRORLESS CAMERA

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Common _________________ like GoPro can fit of your hand, but they’re some of the most durable and versatile types of digital cameras that offer very high resolution output.

ACTION CAMERAS

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is a fun gadget that prints your
picture directly from the camera itself using selfdeveloping film some of the best instant cameras comes from popular brands such as Fujifilm and Polaroid.

INSTANT CAMERAS (POLAROID)

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Camera of phones

SMARTPHONE CAMERAS

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• All cameras are basically the same.
• Each is a box with a piece of film in one end and a hole in the other.
• The job is always the same: to get light onto film to form image.

ANATOMY OF A CAMERA

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Main parts of a Camera

LENS and SHUTTER

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A disc of transparent glass generally bounded by two spherical surfaces capable of transforming an image.

LENS

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An adjustable mechanism that regulates the amount of light reaching the film by verifying the length of time.This is a control by which you can determine how long in time the lens will remain open for light to be recorded on the film.

SHUTTER

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It is made up of overlapping blades powered by a spring. Located between the aperture and the lens or in between the lens. They will give speed up to 1/500th of a second.

BLADE OR BETWEEN THE LENS SHUTTER

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Consists of two metal blinds that opens progressively or made of a black cloth and generally located very near the focal plane.
These shutters are pre-set; it has to be cocked before release.It can be set and synchronized at all speed

FOCAL PLANE SHUTTER

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Move the lens back and forth which allows the photographer to create a sharp image of the subject

FOCUSING RING

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A small opening on a camera usually circular in shape and usually variables in the form of iris diaphragm that regulates the intensity of light which passes through the lens.

DIAPHRAGM OR APERTURE

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A part of camera that is twisted to advance the film inside and to check the number of exposures.

FILM ADVANCE LEVER

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An adjustable mechanism that regulates the amount of light reaching the film by varying the length of time light is allowed to pass through the lens.

SHUTTER

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It will control the length of time when light is allowed to strike the synthesized materials.

SHUTTER SPEED DIAL

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Part of the camera which when pressed will keep the shutter in open position.

SHUTTER RELEASE BUTTON

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A viewing instruments attached to a camera, used to obtain proper composition.

VIEW FINDER WINDOW

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The time setting of a camera-this is automatically operated to allow the photographer to participate in photo-taking.

SELF TIMER

It holds the film firmly inside the camera. It is always located at the opposite side of the lens.

FILM HOLDER/CHAMBER

It is where the flash bulb is inserted for indoor photography

ACCSESSORY LIGHT SHOE/HOT SHOE

It is where flash bulb chord is plugged for synchronization to the camera.

FLASH TERMINAL

IMPORTANTS CONTROL IN THE CAMERA

1. FOCUSING CONTROL- 2. FOCUSING RING 3. SHUTTER SPEED CONTROL 4. APERTURE OR DIAPHRAGM CONTROL

It the means by which the object distance is estimated or calculated to form sharp or clear images

FOCUS

The adjusting or changing the distance between the focal plane and the length

FOCUSING CONTROLLER

Type of Focus

1. SCALE BED TYPE or FOCUSING SCALE 2. MICRO PRISM or RANGE FINDER TYPE 3. GROUND GLASS TYPE 4. DEPTH OF FIELD

These distances correspond to the distance from the camera to the subject.

SCALE BED TYPE or FOCUSING SCALE

These are finely etched prism which breaks up the image; they are brought together as you focus.

MICRO PRISM

Two types of range finder:

SPLIT IMAGE and CO-INCIDENT IMAGE

Two prism which split your image in half as you focus both halves re-joins to form a clear image.

SPLIT IMAGE

This refers to usually to compact a camera that is using a fixed lens.

CO-INCIDENT IMAGE

The whole of the image on this screen will progressively become sharp. It is found at the back of the camera or in case of modern,also coupled with the view finder

GROUND GLASS TYPE

The distance between the nearest object and farthest object that appears to be focus when the lens is focus on infinity. Also called focus range or effective focus range.

DEPTH OF FIELD

TWO TYPES OF DEPTH OF FIELD (DOF)

DEEP DOF and SHALLOW DOF

Captures a larger area in focus, often keeping everything in the image sharp and clear.

DEEP DOF

Refers to a small area in focus. While the background is blurred. This is best for portraits

SHALLOW DOF

This control is utilized manipulating the ASA/ISO on DIN dial of the camera. Basically, the shutter and the f/number are both controlling the system of the rays of light that enters

FILM SPEED CONTROL

The view of the subject subtended by two lines emerging the corners of the film extending to the center of the lens.

ANGLE OF VIEW

It is a device that controls the quantity of light that passes through the lens. It is an iris type mechanism, which shrinks or grows in order to let in less or more lights.

APERTURE

The smaller the f/number, the larger it is the aperture. Thus, allowing more light reaching the film to compensate for the duration of the shutter curtain travelling time.

Aperture Opening

FUNCTIONS OF THE APERTURE

•As a controller of light • As a controller of depth of field

The time for which the shutter is held open during the taking of photograph to allow light to reach the film or imaging sensor (in a digital camera). It regulates the amount of time that reaches the film. It is controlled by the shutter speed dial.

SHUTTER SPEED

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SHUTTER SPEED

FAST SHUTTER and SLOW SHUTTER

It will allow less light to reach the film

FAST SHUTTER

It will allow more lights to reach the film

SLOW SHUTTER

EFFECTS OF SHUTTER SPEED ON THE PHOTOGRAPH

Fast shutter speed and Slow shutter speed

Used to freeze motion.

FAST SHUTTER SPEED

Used to emphasize motion.

SLOW SHUTTER SPEED

When shooting water in high speed, you can make the water look frozen. It will take a shutter speed of 1/500 or faster to make this magic happen

SHOOTING WATER

Kinds of Shutter

1.Those Placed Before the Lens 2. Those Placed Behind the Lens 3. Between the Lens Shutter 4.Focal Plane Shutter

This refers to filter on a box camera usually made of thin metallic disc with an open slot which is made to pass in front of the lens by spring

Those Placed Before the Lens

This refers to professional or portrait cameras; consist of three metallic leaves which are kept by a spring

Those Placed Behind the Lens

This refers to a number of metals that overlaps and arranged in a circle; these blades are opened and closed by pins on movable ring

Between the Lens Shutter

This refers to light tight overlapping curtains containing a narrow slit which passes across the focal plane in front of the film. Driven by a spring, this window moves across the film as it moves. The amount of light is controlled by the speed of the curtain and the width of the slit. The amount itself - Just in front of the lens of the film, of focal plane rather than the lens

Focal Plane Shutter

Characteristics of Subjects;

1. Brilliant 2. Bright 3. Average 4. Shaded

This refers to beach, marine and snow scenes; landscapes and mountains without prominent dark object in the foreground

BRILLIANT

This refers to people in marine, beach or snow scenes with foreground objects

BRIGHT

This refers to nearby people, gardens, houses and scenes not in shades.

AVERAGE

This refers to subjects in the open

SHADED

This refers to length of time needed by the light ray to reach and affect the film inside the camera that is restricted by the shutter speed control of the camera.

SHUTTER SPEED CONTROL