Chapter 3 Flashcards
(54 cards)
0
Q
A piece of land nearly surrounded by water
A
Peninsula
1
Q
To control or influence something or someone
A
Dominate
2
Q
People with common interests living in a particular area; the area itself
A
Community
3
Q
To reach an understanding; to make a decision
A
Conclude
4
Q
The system in a country that involves making, selling, and buying goods
A
Economic
5
Q
To move toward a weaker condition
A
Decline
6
Q
Storytellers
A
Bards
7
Q
A settlement in a new territory that has close ties to its homeland.
A
Colony
8
Q
City-state
A
Polis
9
Q
Used as a marketplace
A
Agora
10
Q
Unified formation
A
Phalanx
11
Q
- to give careful thought
A
- consider
12
Q
- an absolute ruler unrestrained by law
A
- tyrant
13
Q
- a gov. in which a small group has control
A
- oligarchy
14
Q
- a gov. by the people
A
- democracy
15
Q
- enslaved people in ancient Sparta
A
- helots
16
Q
- relating to soldiers, arms, or war
A
- military
17
Q
- a high-ranked gov. official in Sparta who was elected by the council of elders
A
- ephors
18
Q
- the condition of being steady and unchanging
A
- stability
19
Q
- to succeed; to gain something as the result of work
A
- achieve
20
Q
- to build
A
- construct
21
Q
- the territory governed by an official known as a satrap
A
- satrapy
22
Q
- the governor of a province in ancient Sparta
A
- satrap
23
Q
- a Persian religion based on the belief of one god
A
- Zoroastrianism
24
- to break down; to lose effectiveness
- collapse
25
- a strait or narrow sea between two landmasses
- channel
26
- a form of democracy in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision-making process
- direct democracy
27
- a form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf
- representative democracy
28
- a person who searches for wisdom or enlightenment
- philosopher
29
- to go with someone as a companion
- accompany
30
- enough
- sufficient
31
- a period of 10 years
- decade
32
- a battle or war
- conflict
33
- to attach a sense of importance to something; to express the importance of something
- emphasize
34
Explain the Greek civilization.
- began on a mountainous peninsula surrounded by seas with many islands
- communities were often isolated
- created many independent city-states
- lack of unity weakened Greece, making it easier to be conquered
- had a common language
35
Explain the Minoan civilization.
- began on the island of Crete
- influenced the Mycenaean civilization
- that arose on the Greek mainland
- outlasted the Minoans and May have conquered them
36
Explain Mainland Greece.
- the Dorians, a people known for making iron weapons and tools, invaded, and drove the Greeks off the Mainland around 1100 B.C.
- the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet
- Greeks returned to the mainland and the "dark age" ended
- population grew
- led to establishment of colonies around the Mediterranean Sea
37
What did the Greeks develop and how was it run?
They developed the modern concept of citizenship in which each city-state was called polis, and only free land-owning men could become citizens
Citizens could vote, hold public office, defend themselves in court
38
What happened in 600's B.C.?
- There were many political changes
- farmers, merchants, and artisans wanted reforms
- unrest led to the rise of rulers with total power (tyrants)
39
What happened in 500's B.C.?
- most city-states had replaced tyrants
- with an oligarchy (few wealthy people held power
- with a democracy (all citizens share in power)
40
Explain Spartans.
- created a military oligarchy
- a very strong army
- Spartan's boys trained for war from an early age (7)
- economy was based on farming
- had many slaves
- gov. resisted change
- citizens were prevented from traveling
- was little trade
- Spartan women
- had more rights than other Greek women
- the right to own property
41
Explain Athens.
- developed from a city-state ruled by fair tyrants to democracy
- in the 500's B.C., tyrants made reforms
- gave citizenship to all free men
- helped the poor
An assembly of all male citizens became the main governing body, and aided by a council of 500 citizens, who introduced laws and helped run the daily affairs
O
42
Explain the Persians.
- built a powerful empire in southwest Asia
- so large that it's rule divided it into provinces (called satrapies) along the Royal Road
- believed that their kings ruled by the power of the god Ahura Mazda
-
43
What happened after the Persian war?
- wens entered a golden age (peace; stable government; discoveries; etc) of prosperity and achievement led by Pericles
- he rebuilt Athens
- formed a group of city-states called the Delian League
- expanded democratic government
- encouraged trade
- Athens was a direct democracy
44
What happened during the rule of Sparta?
- newly acquired empire much as Athens had ruled its empire before
- for 30 years, city-states of Thekes overthrew the Spartans
- Greeks were so busy fighting each other that they failed to notice the growth of the powerful Macedonians tot he North
45
What were Pericles achievements?
- he appointed people to position based on talent, not social class
- he brought oligarchy Athenians into government
- he rebuilt parts of Athens that had been destroyed
- supported the arts
- made Athens a center of knowledge
- ruled Athens successfully and wisely for over 30 years
46
How was the Delian League formed?
- Athens formed a league with other city-states
- the Delian League's headquarters was located on the island of Delos
- the league was formed to defend its city-states against the Persians
47
What was the Parthenon and how long did it take them to build it?
- temple
- government building
- bank
- 8 1/2 years
48
What was the Agora?
- central marketplace for
- offices
- bank leaders
- courts
- strict code for the market
- weights and measures and quality of coinage
49
What must democracies have?
- coinage
50
Why was their a Persian war?
in 400's B.C.tried to
- expand into Europe
- take control of some Greek colonies in the Mediterranean area
- led to war between Athens and Persia
- the Athenians defeated a much larger Persian army at the Battle of Marathon in 430 B.C.
- king Xerxes led another invasion in 480 B.C. And won a costly victory at Thermopylee
- later in 480 B.C. the Greeks destroyed a huge Persian fleet at the Battle of Salamis
- the Persians lost a final battle at Plataea in 479 B.C.
51
What is Athens called?
- the cradle of democracy
52
Why did a war break out known as the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta did not join the Delian League
- when Athens tried to interfere with alliances, war broke out in 431 B.C.
- historians called this the Peloponnesian War
- Sparta was located on the Peloponnesus
- then joined with Persia and built a navy ^^
- they conquered Athens in 404 B.C.
53
Who were some famous tyrants?
Tyrants:
- Solon
- Peisistratus
- Cleithenes
